This page is for 513 test container. 

Science Laboratory Safety Test Introduction Students and teachers working in science laboratories have certain important responsibilities that do not apply in other parts of the school building. Chemicals and apparatus will be used that, if handled carelessly, offer the potential to cause injury or even death to students. Science teachers have a duty of care to properly supervise, instruct, maintain equipment and facilities, and warn students of potential harm in their classrooms. This duty starts the very first day of class. A safety test can provide the necessary assurance that both the student and teacher are upholding their end of this important responsibility. Included is a blank Science Laboratory Safety Test as well as a Teacher Answer Key.

Materials Selection and Design: The Importance of Design in Corrosion Prevention. Compatibility of Materials and Environments. Materials Selection for Corrosion Control (Metals, Alloys, Nonmetals, Composites). Recent advances in corrosion resistant materials. Corrosion Inhibitors: Corrosion Inhibition (Theory and Practice). Fields of application of corrosion inhibitors. Environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion Inhibition mechanisms and models. Protective Coatings: Overview of Protective coating systems. Organic coatings, Metallic coatings, Ceramics coatings, Nanocomposite coatings, Functional coatings. Surface preparation and coating application techniques. Coating failures: causes and prevention

Cathodic protection (CP) is a technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell.

A simple method of protection connects the metal to be protected to a more easily corroded "sacrificial metal" to act as the anode. The sacrificial metal then corrodes instead of the protected metal.

For structures such as long pipelines, where passive galvanic cathodic protection is not adequate, an external DC electrical power source is used to provide sufficient current.

Corrosion control by chemical treatment. Classification of corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion inhibition mechanisms. Benign and harmful corrosion inhibitors. Critical concentrations and corrosion inhibition efficiency. Fields of application of corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion inhibitors for different environments (acidic, alkaline, salt water, CO₂, concrete, simulated body fluids). Corrosion inhibitors for iron/steel, aluminium, copper, magnesium. Environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors. Biomass corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion inhibited coatings for iron/steel and magnesium alloys. Selectivity and specificity of action of corrosion inhibitors. Techniques for predicting and monitoring corrosion inhibition performance. Computational modeling of corrosion inhibitor performance

Corrosion in oil and gas industry: The corrosion challenge in oil and gas industry in Nigeria and abroad. Corrosion of oil/gas facilities (upstream and downstream).

Factors that influence corrosion in oil and gas sector. Common aggressive environments in oil and gas industry: Pipelines and subsoil environments, drilling fluids, offshore environment, refineries, storage facilities, microbial influenced corrosion, CO₂ and H₂S Corrosion. Corrosion mitigation techniques in oil and gas: Corrosion inhibitors, anticorrosion and antifouling coatings, biocides, cathodic protection systems.

Corrosion in renewable energy systems: Degradation of energy infrastructure in extreme environmental conditions. Pollution-related Corrosion. Materials selection for extreme environments. Coatings for extreme environments. Efficient corrosion monitoring and control. Corrosion behavior of solar panels, and support structures. Developing more corrosion resistant and long-lasting PV panels.

Enhanced durability and reliability of PV systems. Corrosion risks to renewable energy systems and consequences.Corrosion in turbines and power plants: High temperature corrosion in turbines and power plants. Alloys and coatings for improved high temperature corrosion resistance. Role of oxide scales in high temperature corrosion. Structure and composition of effective oxide scales.

Overview of implantable biomaterials: Definition, Timelines and progress. Different types of biomaterials (metals, ceramics, synthetic polymers, and biopolymers). Tissues structure and organization (vascular wall, cartilage, bone), Enzyme reactors based on nanostructured materials. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Tissues structure and organization (vascular wall, cartilage, bone). Materials in Medicine; Biomineralization and Biomimetic Approaches; Thin films, grafts and coatings; Host Reaction to Biomaterials and Artificial Organs. Nanomaterials in bone substitutes and dentistry. Implants and Prosthesis. Reconstructive Intervention and Surgery. Nanorobotics in Surgery Engineering. Drug delivery. Therapeutic applications. Nanoscale biomaterials for medical and drug delivery devices. Gene technology and high throughput systems. Stem cell and precursor cell-based therapies

Polymer Chemistry: Basic definitions and polymer nomenclature, molecular weight averages and distributions, constitutional and configurational isomerism, rubber elasticity, step-growth and free-radical chain-growth polymerizations, emulsion polymerization. Macromolecules: Applications of macromolecules in nanotechnology. Block copolymers and self-assembled polymerization. Micelles and colloids. Dendrimers and molecular brushes. Supramolecular polymers, polymeric blends and macromolecular nanocomposites. Polymer templates. Applications in the manufacturing of nanostructured materials and nanoscale devices. Surface functionalization: Interfacial electrochemistry; Polymer adsorption; Langmuir-Blodgett layers; layer-by-layer assemblies; Chemical grafting on gold; Silanization; Radical grafting; Conductive polymers; Micro patterning. Nanocomposites: Structure-property relationships of nanocomposites, incorporation of different nanophases into polymeric matrixes for functional materials fabrication, surface energy control, dispersion methods, techniques for nanocomposite materials characterization. Influence of dispersed (organic or mineral) elements on; the chemical nature and morphologies of nanocomposite materials. Common nanocomposites (polymer-clay nanocomposites etc). Critical issues in synthesis, fabrication, processing, and characterization of nanocomposites. Challenges in manufacturing low cost real-life components for industrial applications; commercial success stories, future directions

Organic Synthesis: Oxidation and reduction methods, stereochemistry and products from hydride and dissolving-metal reductions. Synthetic organic applications of phosphorus, silicon, titanium, copper, palladium and ruthenium. Chemistry of heterocycles. Mechanisms of molecular rearrangements involving carbo-cations, electron deficient nitrogen and oxygen species, and of carbonyl compounds. Experimental and instrumental methods and techniques of organic chemistry. Nano Synthesis methods: Electrosynthesis, chemical, thermal and microwave synthesis. Thin Film Deposition Methods. Thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD), catalytic synthesis and plasma synthesis. Tuning nanoparticles sizes, shapes and dimensionality by appropriate choice of the chemical precursors and/or of the reaction’s conditions. Properties of nanomaterials: Chemical, electrochemical, spectroscopic, microscopic, mechanical, electrical and optical properties of materials. Synthetic nanomaterials: Ceramics, glasses, polymers, fullerenes, nanotubes, graphenes, carbon nanotubes, metal oxides and catalysts (PGMs etc), nanocrystals, nanocomposites, nano-alloys, quantum dots, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks.

Basic Quantum Modelling; Density of States; Nucleation and Growth of Nanoparticles; Quantum Dots & Nanoparticles; Quantum Dot devices; Quantized Conductance; Quantum Computing; Assembly of Nanoparticles; Nanotubes and Nanowires; and Single Molecule Magnets. Selected nanomaterials: Quantum Confined Materials: Inorganic quantum confined structures. Manifestation of quantum confinement. Quantum confined stark effect. Dielectric confinement effect, superlattices. Core shell quantum dots, quantum wells. Quantum confined structures as Lasing media. Organic Quantum confined structures. Photonic Crystals: Important features of photonic crystals. Dielectric mirrors and interference filters. photonic crystal laser. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). Photonic crystal sensing. Nanophotonic Fabrication: Adiabatic nanofabrication, Nonadiabatic nanofabrications: near field optical CVD and near field photolithography. Self-assembling method via optical near field interactions. Regulating the size and position of nanoparticles using size dependent resonance – Size controlled, position controlled and separation-controlled alignment of nanoparticles

Ellipsometry/Quartz crystal microbalance, Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning microscopes, Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)/Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Surface Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Confocal Raman imaging. Nanomaterials Applications: Current and future applications of nanostructured materials. Molecular electronics and printed electronics. Nanoelectronics. Polymers with special architecture. Liquid crystalline systems. Nanofluids. Linear and nonlinear optical and electro-optical properties. Chemical and biosensors. Materials protection and corrosion control. Environmental protection and pollution control. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology. Energy conversion and energy storage. Catalysis. Nanocomposites. Big data analytics for predicting materials design and use

Geothermal reservoir types. Concepts of geothermal systems. Mathematical foundations of single and multi- phase flow in porous media. Analytical and numerical methods. Phase behavior. Well productivity index. Recovery factor. Simulation. Well Stimulation and engineered geothermal systems. Field Examples

Membranes for CO₂ capture and hydrogen production. Metal-organic frameworks as molecular gas cylinders for CO₂ capture. CO₂ capture technologies 3 – absorption. CO₂ capture technologies 4 – adsorption. CO₂ capture technologies 5 - membranes, cryogenic, looping cycles. CO₂ conditioning. CO₂ transport; different ways of CO₂ transport, CO₂ properties under transport conditions, impurities present in CO₂ streams from different generation/capture systems, effects of impurities on CO₂ compression and transport, risks associated with CO₂ transport. Market potential and technical barriers for membranes for CO₂ capture and hydrogen production.

Biomass chemistry. Biomass for modern biotechnology applications. Biofuel suitability and feasibility for different application. Advanced modern methods for biomass treatment and handling. Complex thermal biomass conversion (gasification, pyrolysis, liquefaction). Principles of biochemical biomass conversion. Environmental impact of biomass production and use. Bio-based fuel additives. Lignin conversion and levulinic acid and furfural conversion. Industrial Microbiology and biotechnology: Types and methods of optimization of products- substrate level, physiological level, genetic level. Process optimization, selection of appropriate substrates, computer aided optimization-Modelling and simulation for product optimization using Design expert software, Minitab, Sigma Plot, Ms Excel etc. Metabolic and Genetic engineering for improved yield. Genetically Modified Organisms, Merits and demerits.

Thermal power plants, heat energy and heat production (Biomass-based power & heat generation, biomass combustion power systems, biomass gasification power systems, biomass-fueled internal combustion engines & gas turbines, polygeneration of electricity, heat & chemicals, biomass boilers & heating systems). Biomass-based fuel cell systems (overview, biomass integrated gasification-solid oxide fuel cell systems, biomass integrated gasification-proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems, fuel cell systems fed with liquid biofuels). Biorefineries (overview, energy inputs to basic biorefinery steps, biorefinery feedstock).

Types of solar cell/Generations of solar cells. First generation solar cells (crystalline Si, GaAs, Polycrystalline silicon solar cells). Second generation solar cells (Thin film solar cells – amorphous Si, microcrystalline Si, CdTe, CuInSe₂, Cu(InGa)Se₂, Cu2ZnSnS₄). Third generation solar cells (Nanocrystalline-based solar cells, polymer-based solar cells, dye-sensitised solar cells, concentrator solar cells, Tandem solar cells). Fourth generation solar cells (Hybrid or organic-inorganic solar cells). Next generation solar cells (Graded bandgap solar cells, Perovskite-based solar cells, Quantum dot solar cells, intermediate band solar cells, solar cells with up & down conversion, nano-structured solar cells e.g. with carbon nanotubes, grapheme etc.). Differences between solar cells, modules and panels (sizes and Efficiencies). Application of solar cell/modules/panels. Very low power application (such as in wrist watches, mobile phone, small torchlight etc, radios etc). Medium power application (such as in solar-operated cars, Street lighting, water pumping, household appliances etc). High Power and very high-power applications (as in stand-alone and grid-tied solar power plants). PV Economics: Cost of production, Cost of PV energy/Payback time, Feed-in tariff, Levelized cost etc

Hybrid systems/energy mix: Hybrid power generation systems. Combined wind-solar systems. Hybrid thermal energy systems; combined solar-thermal and geothermal systems, Hybrid wind-diesel systems, PV-diesel systems and wind-PV-diesel systems etc. Techno-economic feasibility for energy saving systems. Main energy storage technologies. Environmental-social benefits of hybrid energy systems. New technologies for hybrid power systems. Energy and cost savings with hybrid power systems. Cogeneration systems.

Renewable Energy storage systems: Electrochemical storage systems (Lead-acid battery, lithium-ion battery, liquid metal battery, nickel-based battery, flow batteries). Mechanical storage systems. Thermal storage systems (Hot water storage, molten salt storage, latent heat storage). Electrical storage systems (Supercapacitors, superconducting magnetic energy storage). Hydrogen energy storage technology (Electrolysis with cryogenic storage). Introduction to the ProGeo system for storing electrical energy as methane chemical energy: an overview - Generating and storing energy in the ProGeo system - Research and development of model plants. Clean hydrocarbon/Carbon capture technologies: Introduction to Carbon capture & sequestration. Coal characteristics and combustion, power plants, engines, fundamentals of combustion, gas turbines, pollution. GHG emissions, GHG emissions reduction measures, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Fossil fuel power generation, power plants, power plant technologies. Membrane technology in the production of clean and renewable power. CO₂ capture technologies 1 - general overview. CO₂ capture technologies 2 - chemical and physical processes. Membranes for CO₂ capture and hydrogen production. Overview of market potential and technical barriers for membranes - Market potential and technical barriers for membranes for CO₂ capture and hydrogen product.

Solar energy technologies: Solar resource and solar radiation (the sun, solar radiation, solar spectral distribution, solar constant, solar insolation and position of the sun w.r.t surfaces on earth, solar time, AM 1.5 and irradiance, measurement of terrestrial solar radiation etc.). Advantages and disadvantages of solar energy. Photoelectric effect and concept of photons. Interaction of light with matter (absorptivity, reflectivity, transmittivity, emissivity etc). Principles of operation of PV cells; Manufacturing technologies of crystalline and thin film PV cells. Heat transfer and principles of solar thermal systems. Introduction to Solar collectors, Passive and active solar thermal systems, Solar drying, Solar distillation, solar cookers. The concepts of stand-alone and bulk solar thermal power generation systems. Wind energy technologies: the availability of the resources, the types of systems and machines, their capabilities and limitations, the processes of setting up such systems, and their associated costs and environmental impacts. Wind energy, its potentials and its application to power generation. Advantages and disadvantages of wind energy. Wind resource and wind power; Wind power fundamentals, Wind generation, Wind power estimation. Wind turbine technology. History of wind power harnessing – windmills (wind machines in antiquity, Islamic civilization windmills, Medieval European windmills, Aegean & Mediterranean windmills, Dutch & European windmills, The American windmills). Overview of wind turbine components (Aerodynamic rotor, transmission system, generator, power electronics interface, control system). Biomass energy technologies: Biomass as a renewable energy source (Historical development & potential of bioenergy, biomass resources, Biomass properties, environmental impact of bioenergy, Economics of bioenergy). Biomass production and conversion: Photosynthesis (Basic concept of photosynthesis, light reaction for the photochemical oxidation of water, dark reaction for the synthesis of sugars, efficiency of photosynthesis). Biomass production (Natural factors, biomass yield, fossil input for biomass cultivation & harnessing, biomass logistics, environmental impacts of biomass cultivation, Economics of biomass production, major terrestrial biomass crops, aquatic biomass). Biomass conversion processes (Thermochemical conversion processes, biochemical conversion processes, chemical conversion processes). Utilization of biomass energy (Biofuels, electric power generation, heat production, chemical biorefinery). Advantages and disadvantages of biomass energy

Fundamentals and background of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The role of hydroxyl radicals and their generation. Reaction kinetics and degradation mechanisms of organic pollutants by hydroxyl radicals. Effects of process parameters and scavenging media on degradation efficiency. Removal of specific pollutants in aqueous media; biodegradability enhancement and toxicity reduction. Fundamentals of UV irradiation. Absorption and bond dissociation energies. UV sources and their characteristics. UV photolysis background. Actinometry. Direct photolysis. UV light based (photochemical and photocatalytic) AOPs for water and wastewater treatment; opportunities and challenges. Modeling approach for AOPs simulation. Common oxidants and catalysts and their alternatives. Fenton reaction. Alternative catalysts for Fenton reaction. Types of homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton and photo-Fenton processes; influencing parameters, reaction kinetics and mechanisms. Iron catalysts in heterogeneous Fenton processes; sources and supports. Ozonation; background and fundamentals, reaction kinetics and mechanisms. Application of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation in water treatment. Reactor configurations; batch and continuous flow systems

Classification of pollutants. Environmental media and pollutant transport. Current methods for pollutant analyses.  Current methods for pollutant detection and treatment. The concept of Environmental Electrochemistry. Electroanalytical techniques. Electrochemistry of inorganic and organic pollutants. Electrolysis and electrodeposition. Design of electrochemical reactors. Photoemission at metal electrodes. Electrokinetic phenomena and electrochemical remediation. Direct and indirect electrolysis of pollutants in the aqueous phase. Electroflotation, electrocoagulation and electroflocculation. Membrane-assisted Processes. Electrokinetic remediation of soils and sediments. Water disinfection: Background and principles. Electrochemical disinfection of water. Photoelectrochemical disinfection of air and water. Emerging materials for electrochemical treatment of pollutants.

Economical and energy analyses for the introduction of energy systems based on renewable energy resources and hydrogen. Engineering and characterization of electrochemical storage devices: Important rechargeable and non-rechargeable battery technologies; various fuel cells; solar cells, capacitors and supercapacitors; photovoltaic cells, photoelectrochemical cells, different hydrogen storage technologies, superconductors. Chemical storage using hydrogen and fuel cells. Operation and design of various electrochemical storage technologies. Energy Storage Challenge: an experimental group project to design, fabricate and characterize electrochemical storage devices, including cost/benefit analysis.

The solid-electrolyte interface. The electric double layer and electrochemical capacitors. Interfacial electrochemistry. Mass transfer in electrochemical systems. Electrocatalysts and electrochemical reactors. Semiconductor electrochemistry, Semiconductor/electrolyte interface. Principles of electrochemical sensors. Safety procedures for work at FUTO laboratories. Analytical accounting nomenclature: Accuracy, Precision, Resolution, Error propagation etc. Overview of standard equipment used in electrochemistry (potentiostats, counter and reference electrodes, electrochemical cells etc). Design of electrochemical reactors. Survey of electrochemical processes and power sources. The general principles, theoretical and practical, of some materials characterization techniques (SEM, XRD, FTIR).

Solid state electrochemistry. Defect chemistry. Solid state ionics. Solid and polymer ionic conductors. Electrochemistry of mixed ionic-electronic conductors. Solid state redox reactions. Electrochemical energy materials. Electrolytes and electrode materials for rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries, electrochemical capacitors, fuel cells and electrolytic cells. Efficiency of electrode materials. Effect of microstructure on electrode material performance. Charge and mass transfer considerations. Importance of carbon science and technology. Characterization of carbon materials used in electrochemical technology. Active carbon, carbon black, fullerenes, and graphene. Carbon electrodes for Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells. Ionic liquids: Introduction, properties, synthesis, functionalities, applications.

Mild Steel, Aluminium Alloys,  Magnesium Alloys, Stainless Steel  and Galvanic Couples

Basic Corrosion Concepts , Atmospheric Corrosion,  High Temperature Corrosion,  Corrosion in Deep Sea Environments  and Pitting/Crevice Corrosion.

Biomass types and characteristics for energy application. Technologies of biomass treatment, lignocellulosic residues pre-treatment and hydrolysis by physical, chemical or enzymatic means; technologies for obtaining hydrolysate and extracting sugarcane juice, extracting vegetable oils and microalgae oils; development of new biofuel catalysis and biocatalysis systems (fermentation of pentoses, immobilized enzyme, catalysis under supercritical conditions, etc.); design and optimization of reactors and bioreactors for the production of bioethanol, biodiesel and other biofuels (biobutanol, etc.); development of processes and equipment for biofuel purification; development of systems and processes control loops for the production of biofuels; heat integration and energy recovery in the production of biofuels; formulation and development of integrated systems for production of first, second and third generation biofuel; development of technologies to save water and non-renewable inputs used in the production of biofuels.

Membranes: Design of membrane process, Selection of membrane materials, Membrane research. Membranes for CO₂ capture. Membranes for biofuels production & processing. Membrane processes for biofuel separation, Membrane materials and fabrication, Membrane operations for gas and vapour separation. Membrane reactors for biofuels treatment. Applications of high-performance membranes in biofuel separation. Market potential and technical barriers for membranes for Biofuels. Bioalcohol production. Biocatalyst immobilization. Membrane bioreactors. Membrane integrated with solar and wind energy and for water related application.  Membrane technologies for solar-hydrogen production, Solar water electrolysis - Thermochemical water-splitting cycles - Solar membrane steam reforming. Membrane technologies for solar-desalination plants. Photovoltaic systems for membrane desalination; Solar thermal systems for membrane desalination

Carbon dioxide sources, Global carbon cycle, Carbon budget, Carbon emissions and their sources, Effects of carbon emissions on climate change. Carbon, Energy and the Atmosphere: Energy and electricity; The atmosphere; Climate models and The carbon cycle. Carbon capture: Introduction to carbon capture concepts and technologies: Absorption – Design of an absorption process, Selection of absorbent, optimizing an absorption process. Adsorption: Design of an adsorption process, Selection of adsorbent, Novel materials for adsorption. Enhanced oil recovery (miscible and immiscible CO₂ flooding). Different methods of CO₂ transport & storage. CO₂ properties under transport & storage conditions. Impurities present in CO₂ streams from different generation/capture systems. Effects of impurities on CO₂ compression and transport. Risks associated with CO₂ transport & storage. Reservoir properties and storage. Development of CO₂ storage sites. Selection of storage sites

Petrophysics: Relevance and development of Petrophysics, rock-forming minerals, influencing factors for petrophysical properties. Properties of pores, e.g. like porosity, volume and content of the pores, saturation, tortuosity, inner surface etc. Density of rocks, determination in the laboratory & on-site, borehole. Relationships to porosity, saturation, proctor density. Magnetic properties: para-, dia-, ferro-, antiferro-, ferrimagnetism. Magnetic properties of minerals and rocks, remnant magnetization, dependency of temperature and pressure. Well Logging: Well logging history and goals. Fundamentals & types of geophysical well logging methods. Technical log data acquisition & equipment. Well log data interpretation. Radioactive, acoustic, radiometric & electrical well logging methods.

Design of Active Systems (f-Chart and Utilizability methods), Design of Passive and Hybrid Heating Systems, Design of Cooling Systems, Design of Photovoltaic Systems, Modelling and Simulation of Solar Energy Systems (use of TRNSYS Simulation software), and application of Artificial Intelligence (ANN, Fussy Logic etc).

Review of Solid State Physics: Band theory of solids. Band structure of semiconductors. Defects in semiconductors. Review of Quantum Mechanics: Quantum states, energy levels and wavefunctions. Potential wells, potential barriers and quantum structures. Interaction of radiation with matter: Solar spectral irradiance. Absorptivity. Reflectivity. Transmissivity. Emissivity. Review of Atomic and Molecular spectroscopy: The electromagnetic spectrum. Orbitals and quantum numbers. Absorption and emission spectra. Spectroscopic techniques: (UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, photoluminescence spectroscopy etc.). Review of Thermodynamics and Heat transfer: Laws of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamic functions.

Hybrid organic-inorganic nanoparticles. Introduction to self-assembled monolayers. Micro-nano patterning.  Structure of alkanethiols on gold surfaces. Silicon-silane based SAMs. SAMs in biological systems (protein SAMs, DNA SAMs, OEG terminated SAMs). Aromatics on metal SAMs. Amino acids on metal SAMs. Mixed SAMs. Growth dynamics and energetics of SAMs in different environments (UHV, liquid environments). Phase transitions. Diffraction and chemical techniques for SAM analysis. Heterogeneous catalysis, nanocatalysis and nanophotocatalysis, including application of metal nanoparticles. Metal-organic frameworks (classifications, properties, molecules encapsulation and applications).

Hybrid electrochemical/chemical synthesis. Electrodeposition of thin films, superlattices and multilayers. Electrochemical formation and functionalization (nanoporous semiconductors). Electrochemical surface modification (nanopatterning, nanostructuration). Charge transport in nanostructured thin film electrodes and oxide films. Metal surface microstructure modifications and corrosion behavior. New opportunities and challenges

Electrochemistry of clays and zeolites. Electrochemistry of carbon, graphene and its derivatives. Electrocatalytic metal oxide electrodes. Electrochemistry of nuclear fuels. Electrochemical conversion of biomass. Electrochemistry of conductive oxide aerogels. New opportunities and challenges

Sustainability & efficiency (sustainable development, sustainability methods & metrics, thermodynamic approach to sustainability of efficiency). Thermodynamic Analysis of process (Mass & energy rate balances for a steady flow process – 1^st law of thermodynamics, quality of energy & materials, entropy & 2^nd law of thermodynamics, entropy production, entropy rate balance for a steady flow process, maximum work obtainable from a steady flow process). Exergy concept (Defining exergy, exergy reference environment, exergy versus energy, exergy of work & heat transfer, exergy of a stream of matter, physical exergy, chemical exergy). Exergetic evaluation of process & technologies (Exergy rate balance for a steady flow process, internal & external exergy losses, exergetic efficiency performance, Economic & Ecological aspects of exergy). Renewability of biofuels (Application of cumulative exergy consumption of biofuels production, renewability indicators).

The basic renewable energy financial metrics. Economic justification and impact of renewable energy projects. Sustainability drivers for renewable energy business. Barriers to renewable energy project implementation. Existing opportunities for renewable energy implementation. Energy Project Management. Big Data Analytics - Data Acquisition and Validation, Data Integration, Calculations and Design work, Application of supporting Software. Energy Economics. Energy Law II: Joint Operation Agreements. Drilling Contracts and related agreements for energy supply subsurface activities.

This course will provide a broad overview of all components and technologies associated with, and connected to, the new Smart Grid. The field specific knowledge to be covered would be Renewable Energy Systems and characteristics. Grid code compliance. PV components and sizing. Storage components, e.g. batteries. Microgrids and power flow. Energy storage scheduling, load-frequency control and inter-area power flow. Network dynamics & stability. Economics of SG installations. Communications technology and selection. Applicable network codes & regulations, and power system modeling and simulation software

Statistical mechanics vs. thermodynamics. Review of statistical concepts. Canonical and grand canonical ensembles. Entropy. General formulation of statistical thermodynamics. Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein and Boltzmann statistics. Quantum ideal gases. Specific heat of solids. Electrons in metals and semiconductors. Radiation: the photon gas.

Fundamentals of starting and operating business in energy ecosystem. Dynamic role of entrepreneurship in the energy sector of the economy. Financial planning and control; Forms of ownership for startups; Strategic Marketing Planning; New Product or Service Development; Business Plan Creation; Types and theories of Innovation; Sources and Process of Innovation; Technological Entrepreneurs; Innovation Strategy & Systems; Managing Innovation and Intellectual Property; Funding Innovation and sustainable entrepreneurship.

Project design and management cycle, Project Implementation Plan (PIP), Project Development strategies, Project Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEL) and sustainability. Application of Theory of change approach to Energy project. Use of designated software for development of Project Management.

 Introduction to Nano scale materials & nanotechnologies: synthesis, characterization, functionalization of nanomaterials: some applications and challenges. Energies and nanomaterials: Introduction; context and challenges dealing with energy; energy and power; production, storage, distribution (smart grids) and use of energy; some illustrations. Nanomaterials for solar energy applications: Semiconductors, Interaction of light with matter, solar cells basics. First to third generation solar cells, nanocrystalline-based solar cells, emerging thin film photovoltaic: organic solar cells, hybrid solar cells. Solar cooling and heating. Nanotechnology for bioenergy and biofuels production. Carbon-based nanomaterials in biofuel cells. Nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts in biorefineries for biomass conversion. Nanomaterials for energy storage applications. Nanoscale electrode materials

Electrodes and cell reactions. Electrode kinetics. Interfaces, Interphases, Electrical double layers and electrode processes. Butler-Volmer equation. The electrode/solution interface at equilibrium. Polarization electrodics.  Some technological aspects of electrodics.

Fundamental concepts of scientific research. Procedures involved in designing a research project (devising a research question - providing a rationale). Concepts underlying peer-reviewed research. Referencing: Evaluating the relevance and impact of sources. Conducting literature reviews, evaluating published findings and the critical analysis of existing research. Data collection strategies (reliability & validity of tools). Using ICT and research productivity tools (statistical, referencing, research design etc). Analyzing data - implications of potential findings for practice. Research conceptualization and design. Writing research proposals. Authoring and publishing high-impact articles. Ethical considerations and the role of ethics committees. Communication and presentation skills. Intellectual Property (IP) development, evaluation, and strategy. Strategy and innovation concepts with a focus on Research translation and technology commercialization. Business strategy frameworks, financial analysis, strategic marketing, operations management, business models, project management, business law, and Entrepreneurship.

The “Reservoir Modeling and Simulation” is aimed at imparting the students with the knowledge of the Purpose of reservoir simulation, concepts of simulation, Making a simulation study etc.  The main focus of the course will be on discussing the following:

• Purpose of reservoir simulation
• Concept of simulation
• Reservoir simulation equations
• Making a simulation study
• History matching

This course was designed by  Dr Angela in collaboration with Engr Nwanwe. All staff associated with this course, including the TAs will act as facilitators for the discussion boards.

PROCESS TECHNOLOGY is aimed at imparting the students with the knowledge of pressure losses in pipes and fittings, Heat exchangers and their applications in the oil and gas industry. Upon completion of this course, participants should be capable of the following:- to understand all about pumps, heat exchangers, pressure losses, combustion and distillation processes. This course will consist of the following Sections/Modules:

• Pre-course survey/test
• Introduction
• Pressure losses in pipes
• Pressure losses in nature and fittings
• Pumps
• Heat Exchangers
• Nozzle theory and mass transfer
• Combustion processes
• Heat transfer
• Distillation.
• Particles fall in liquids cyclones

This course was designed by  Dr. Ngozi Nwogu in collaboration with Engr. Chikwe of FUTO. All staff associated with this course, will act as facilitators for the discussion boards.