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INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Embark on a journey into the fascinating world of Artificial Intelligence with "Unlocking the Future: An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence." This comprehensive guide demystifies the complexities of AI, making this revolutionary field accessible to both beginners and enthusiasts alike.
In this thought-provoking exploration, you will discover the foundational principles that underpin AI, unraveling the mysteries behind machine learning, neural networks, and deep learning. The book takes you on a captivating tour of AI's historical roots, from its early philosophical foundations to the cutting-edge technologies shaping our world today. The team expertly weave together real-world applications and theoretical concepts, illustrating how AI is revolutionizing industries, from healthcare and finance to transportation and entertainment. Through engaging examples, readers will witness the transformative power of AI in shaping the future of work, society, and beyond.
Key Features:
Accessible Approach: Whether you're a tech novice or a seasoned enthusiast, this book introduces AI concepts in a clear and understandable manner, ensuring everyone can grasp the fundamentals.
Historical Perspective: Dive into the history of AI, exploring pivotal moments and the evolution of key technologies that have shaped the field into what it is today.
Real-world Applications: Explore how AI is making a significant impact across various industries, offering tangible examples that showcase its practical applications and potential benefits.
Ethical Considerations: Delve into the ethical implications of AI, addressing important questions about bias, transparency, and the responsible development of intelligent systems.
Future Trends: Look ahead to the future of AI, examining emerging trends and breakthroughs that promise to redefine the way we live, work, and interact with technology.
"Unlocking the Future: An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence" is an indispensable guide for those eager to comprehend the profound impact of AI on our world. Prepare to be inspired and empowered as you unravel the mysteries of this transformative technology, unlocking the doors to a future where the boundaries between the artificial and the intelligent blur.
Science Laboratory Safety (SLS 801)
Science Laboratory Safety Test Introduction Students and teachers working in science laboratories have certain important responsibilities that do not apply in other parts of the school building. Chemicals and apparatus will be used that, if handled carelessly, offer the potential to cause injury or even death to students. Science teachers have a duty of care to properly supervise, instruct, maintain equipment and facilities, and warn students of potential harm in their classrooms. This duty starts the very first day of class. A safety test can provide the necessary assurance that both the student and teacher are upholding their end of this important responsibility. Included is a blank Science Laboratory Safety Test as well as a Teacher Answer Key.
SELECTED CORROSION CONTROL TECHNIQUES (CTM 803)
Materials Selection and Design: The
Importance of Design in Corrosion Prevention. Compatibility of Materials and Environments. Materials Selection
for Corrosion Control (Metals, Alloys, Nonmetals, Composites). Recent advances
in corrosion resistant materials. Corrosion
Inhibitors: Corrosion Inhibition (Theory and Practice). Fields of
application of corrosion inhibitors. Environmentally friendly corrosion
inhibitors. Corrosion Inhibition mechanisms and models. Protective Coatings: Overview
of Protective coating systems. Organic coatings, Metallic coatings, Ceramics
coatings, Nanocomposite coatings, Functional coatings. Surface preparation and
coating application techniques. Coating failures: causes and prevention
CORROSION IN RIENFORCED CONCRETES (CTM 810)
CATHODIC PROTECTION (CTM 808)
Cathodic protection (CP) is a technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell.
A simple method of protection connects the metal to be protected to a more easily corroded "sacrificial metal" to act as the anode. The sacrificial metal then corrodes instead of the protected metal.
For structures such as long pipelines, where passive galvanic cathodic protection is not adequate, an external DC electrical power source is used to provide sufficient current.
Cathodic protection systems protect a wide range of metallic structures in various environmentsMICROBIAL INDUCED CORROSION (CTM 806)
CORROSION INHIBITION/INHIBITORS (CTM 804)
Corrosion control by
chemical treatment. Classification of corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion
inhibition mechanisms. Benign and harmful corrosion inhibitors. Critical
concentrations and corrosion inhibition efficiency. Fields of application of
corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion inhibitors for different environments
(acidic, alkaline, salt water, CO2, concrete, simulated body
fluids). Corrosion inhibitors for iron/steel, aluminium, copper, magnesium. Environmentally
friendly corrosion inhibitors. Biomass corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion inhibited coatings for iron/steel and
magnesium alloys. Selectivity and specificity of action of corrosion
inhibitors. Techniques
for predicting and monitoring corrosion inhibition performance. Computational
modeling of corrosion inhibitor performance
ANTICORROSION COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (CTM 802)
Introduction to paints,
coatings and anticorrosion coatings. Coating system components and their
functions (pigment, binder and solvent). Coating properties: Rheological
properties, optical properties, adhesion, mechanical properties and chemical
properties. Primers, intermediate
coats, top coat and their functions.
Corrosion inhibiting primers. Mechanisms of anticorrosion action.
Barrier and special functions of coatings. Surface Coating defects.
Coating Application- Surface Preparation Techniques: Mechanical methods (Sand
blasting and Flame clearing). Conversion Coatings and Pretreatment Chemicals.
Paint Application Techniques: (Brushing, dipping, spraying, electrodeposition,
vacuum impregnation etc). Functional
Coatings: Self-healing/Smart Coatings, Superhydrophobic Coatings.
CORROSION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (CTM 807)
CORROSION BASICS (CTM 801)
Corrosion in oil and gas industry: The
corrosion challenge in oil and gas industry in Nigeria and abroad. Corrosion of
oil/gas facilities (upstream and downstream).
Factors that influence corrosion
in oil and gas sector. Common aggressive environments in oil and gas industry: Pipelines and
subsoil environments, drilling fluids, offshore environment, refineries,
storage facilities, microbial
influenced corrosion, CO2 and H2S
Corrosion. Corrosion mitigation
techniques in oil and gas: Corrosion inhibitors, anticorrosion and antifouling
coatings, biocides, cathodic protection systems.
Corrosion in renewable energy systems: Degradation of energy infrastructure in extreme environmental
conditions. Pollution-related Corrosion. Materials selection for extreme environments.
Coatings for extreme environments. Efficient corrosion monitoring and control.
Corrosion behavior of solar panels, and support structures. Developing more
corrosion resistant and long-lasting PV panels.
Enhanced durability and
reliability of PV systems. Corrosion risks to renewable energy systems and
consequences.Corrosion in turbines
and power plants: High temperature corrosion in turbines and power plants.
Alloys and coatings for improved high temperature corrosion resistance. Role of
oxide scales in high temperature corrosion. Structure and composition of
effective oxide scales.
CORROSION IN THE ENERGY SECTOR ( CTM 805)
Corrosion in oil and gas industry: The
corrosion challenge in oil and gas industry in Nigeria and abroad. Corrosion of
oil/gas facilities (upstream and downstream).
Factors that influence corrosion
in oil and gas sector. Common aggressive environments in oil and gas industry: Pipelines and
subsoil environments, drilling fluids, offshore environment, refineries,
storage facilities, microbial
influenced corrosion, CO2 and H2S
Corrosion. Corrosion mitigation
techniques in oil and gas: Corrosion inhibitors, anticorrosion and antifouling
coatings, biocides, cathodic protection systems.
Corrosion in renewable energy systems: Degradation of energy infrastructure in extreme environmental
conditions. Pollution-related Corrosion. Materials selection for extreme environments.
Coatings for extreme environments. Efficient corrosion monitoring and control.
Corrosion behavior of solar panels, and support structures. Developing more
corrosion resistant and long-lasting PV panels.
Enhanced durability and
reliability of PV systems. Corrosion risks to renewable energy systems and
consequences.Corrosion in turbines
and power plants: High temperature corrosion in turbines and power plants.
Alloys and coatings for improved high temperature corrosion resistance. Role of
oxide scales in high temperature corrosion. Structure and composition of
effective oxide scales.
NANOSCALE BIOSYSTEMS (NTM 826)
An
introduction to the chemistry of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic
acids. Protein and enzyme structure and function. An introduction to cell
biochemistry. Self-assembly of peptides and proteins. Self-organizing systems. Synthesis,
assembling and encapsulation of nanoparticles. Isolation/ purification and
characterization of nanoparticles. Molecular modeling
and simulation.
Biointerfaces, nanoscale patterning, micro and nano-topography. Biomembranes, biomimetics, biochips,
bioseparation, biosensors, molecular recognition elements in nanosensing.
Biomicroelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS). Biomedical applications of nanomaterial devices. Nanomedicine: Diagnostics (colorimetric, fluorometric,
biosensors, surface Plasmon resonance), Disease diagnostics based on molecular
changes. Nanopharmacology. Therapeutics, Imaging. Physiological response to nanomaterials. Systematic and cellular
immunological responses to different nanomaterials.
BIOMATERIALS AND TISSUE ENGINEERING (NTM 824)
Overview of implantable biomaterials: Definition, Timelines and progress. Different types of biomaterials (metals, ceramics,
synthetic polymers, and biopolymers). Tissues structure and organization
(vascular wall, cartilage, bone), Enzyme reactors based
on nanostructured materials. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Tissues
structure and organization (vascular wall, cartilage, bone). Materials in Medicine;
Biomineralization and Biomimetic Approaches; Thin films, grafts and coatings;
Host Reaction to Biomaterials and Artificial Organs. Nanomaterials in bone
substitutes and dentistry. Implants and Prosthesis. Reconstructive Intervention
and Surgery. Nanorobotics in Surgery Engineering. Drug delivery. Therapeutic
applications. Nanoscale
biomaterials for medical and drug delivery devices. Gene technology and high throughput systems. Stem cell and precursor cell-based therapies
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIONANOTECHNOLOGY (NTM 822)
Development of
nanobiotechnology – Timelines and progress. Biomolecules and biomaterials. Biological performance of materials. Structure of natural materials. Biomolecules and biomaterials as bases for inorganic structures.
Inorganic replicas of biometerials. Nanostructured materials in biotechnology.
Biointerface structure and characterization. Surface derivatization and
characterization. Molecular prints of biomolecules. Manufacturing process for producing
nanoparticles in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Nanoscale biomaterials used for medical and drug delivery devices. Bioconjugates;
Immobilization techniques
SOFT NANOMATERIALS AND NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS (NTM 816)
Polymer Chemistry: Basic definitions and polymer nomenclature, molecular weight
averages and distributions, constitutional and configurational isomerism,
rubber elasticity, step-growth and free-radical chain-growth polymerizations,
emulsion polymerization. Macromolecules:
Applications of macromolecules in nanotechnology. Block copolymers and
self-assembled polymerization. Micelles and colloids. Dendrimers and molecular
brushes. Supramolecular polymers, polymeric blends and macromolecular
nanocomposites. Polymer templates. Applications in the manufacturing of
nanostructured materials and nanoscale devices. Surface functionalization: Interfacial electrochemistry; Polymer
adsorption; Langmuir-Blodgett layers; layer-by-layer assemblies; Chemical
grafting on gold; Silanization; Radical grafting; Conductive polymers; Micro
patterning. Nanocomposites: Structure-property
relationships of nanocomposites, incorporation of different nanophases into
polymeric matrixes for functional materials fabrication, surface energy
control, dispersion methods, techniques for nanocomposite materials
characterization. Influence of dispersed (organic or mineral) elements on; the
chemical nature and morphologies of nanocomposite materials. Common
nanocomposites (polymer-clay nanocomposites etc). Critical issues in synthesis,
fabrication, processing, and characterization of nanocomposites. Challenges in
manufacturing low cost real-life components for industrial applications;
commercial success stories, future directions
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS (NTM 814)
Solids,
Surfaces & Interfaces: Electronic structures from atoms to the solid
state; crystalline and non-crystalline solids; surface modification reactions. Interfaces and interface structure.
Chemical, electrochemical and biological interfaces. Interfacial reactions,
adsorption, catalysis. Nanoscale structure formation/surface patterning.
Capillary phenomena and molecular self-assembly. Catalytic, electrical,
optical, and magnetic properties of nanomaterials. Basic quantum chemistry:
orbitals; band structures, density of states; Nanomaterials and Interfaces: Tailored Interfaces and
Switchable Surfaces; Nanocomposites; Sol-Gel Materials and Mesoporous
Structures; Organic-Inorganic Hybrids; Copolymeric Membranes; Dendrimers and
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Nanostructures; Molecular Amplification;
Core-Shell Materials; and Nanotube Devices. Nanocatalysts: Smart materials. Heterogenous
nanostructures and composites – semiconductor nanocatalysts (TiO2,
ZnO) and doped semiconductors. Nanoparticles for water purification-
Photocatalytic mechanism, general pathways and kinetics. Magnetic Nanoparticles,
Nanoscale carbon for contaminant separation, Nanostructures for Molecular
recognition (Quantum dots, Nanorods, Nanotubes). Molecular Encapsulation and
its applications. Nanoporous zeolites. Self-assembled Nanoreactors
ADVANCED NANO AND ORGANIC SYNTHESIS (NTM 812)
Organic
Synthesis: Oxidation and reduction methods, stereochemistry and products from
hydride and dissolving-metal reductions. Synthetic organic applications of
phosphorus, silicon, titanium, copper, palladium and ruthenium. Chemistry of
heterocycles. Mechanisms of molecular rearrangements involving carbo-cations,
electron deficient nitrogen and oxygen species, and of carbonyl compounds.
Experimental and instrumental methods and techniques of organic chemistry. Nano
Synthesis methods: Electrosynthesis, chemical, thermal and microwave synthesis.
Thin Film Deposition Methods. Thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD),
catalytic synthesis and plasma synthesis. Tuning nanoparticles sizes, shapes and dimensionality by appropriate choice of the chemical
precursors and/or of the reaction’s conditions. Properties of nanomaterials: Chemical,
electrochemical, spectroscopic, microscopic, mechanical, electrical and optical
properties of materials. Synthetic nanomaterials: Ceramics, glasses, polymers,
fullerenes, nanotubes, graphenes, carbon nanotubes, metal oxides and catalysts
(PGMs etc), nanocrystals, nanocomposites, nano-alloys, quantum dots, zeolites,
metal-organic frameworks.
SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND OPTOELECRONICS (NTM 806)
QUANTUM NANOSTRUCTURES (NTM 804)
Basic Quantum
Modelling; Density of States; Nucleation and Growth of Nanoparticles; Quantum
Dots & Nanoparticles; Quantum Dot devices; Quantized Conductance; Quantum
Computing; Assembly of Nanoparticles; Nanotubes and Nanowires; and Single
Molecule Magnets. Selected nanomaterials: Quantum Confined Materials: Inorganic quantum confined structures. Manifestation
of quantum confinement. Quantum confined stark effect. Dielectric confinement
effect, superlattices. Core shell quantum dots, quantum wells. Quantum confined
structures as Lasing media. Organic Quantum confined structures. Photonic Crystals: Important
features of photonic crystals. Dielectric mirrors and interference filters.
photonic crystal laser. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). Photonic crystal sensing. Nanophotonic Fabrication:
Adiabatic nanofabrication, Nonadiabatic
nanofabrications: near field optical CVD and near field photolithography.
Self-assembling method via optical near field interactions. Regulating the size
and position of nanoparticles using size dependent resonance – Size controlled,
position controlled and separation-controlled alignment of nanoparticles
MICRO AND NANO FABRICATION (NTM 802)
Crystal Growth, Wafer Preparation, Epitaxy and
Oxidation: Basic
steps in IC fabrication. Electronic grade silicon. Crystal plane and orientation.
Defects in the lattice. Crystal growth. Silicon shaping and processing. Vapour
and liquid phase epitaxy, Epitaxial Evaluation. Growth mechanism. Thin
oxides. Oxidation Techniques and systems. Lithography, Wet and Dry Etching: Mask Making. Optical
lithography, Electron lithography, X-ray lithography, Ion lithography. Plasma
properties. Feature size control and Anisotropy Etch mechanism. Lift off
Techniques. Plasma reactor. Introduction to Atom Lithography based on
metastable atoms beam (MAB) and self-assembled monolayer structures (SAMs), on
Si substrates. Exposure to MAB. Arrays of Si (111), (110) and (100)
microstructures. Deposition,
Diffusion, Ion Implantation. Deposition processes: Physical
vapour deposition, Sputtering, Polysilicon, Plasma assisted deposition.
Models of diffusion in solids: Atomic diffusion mechanism. Device and MOS Circuit Fabrication: Isolation,
p-n junction isolation, self-alignment, local oxidation. Trench techniques:
Planarization, Chemical, mechanical polishing, Metallization and Gettering,
Basic MOS device considerations.
ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY (NTM 807)
CROSS-DISCIPLINARY NANOSCIENCE (NTM 805)
Nanomaterials:
ceramics, glasses, polymers, fullerenes, graphene, carbon nanotubes, polymeric
and inorganic nanostructures, metal oxides, nano-powders, nanocomposites,
nano-alloys and quantum dots. Structural properties in nanochemistry: chemical
crystallography (introduction to bonding, crystal structures and properties),
reactivities of nanostructured materials, physical and chemical properties,
processing nanostructured materials. Quantum
mechanics: The fundamentals of nanophysics. The quantum nature and
construction of atoms, molecules and nanoparticles. Structural properties in
nanophysics. Crystallography of nanostructured materials, physical and chemical
properties of nanoparticles and interfaces, processing of nanostructured
materials. Biological
chemistry: Bonds, acids and bases, chemical reactions, enzymes. Macromolecules:
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. Cells and house-keeping
functions: Cell structure and metabolic processes.
NANOMATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS (NTM 803)
Ellipsometry/Quartz
crystal microbalance, Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning microscopes, Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)/Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM)/ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Surface
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Confocal Raman imaging. Nanomaterials Applications: Current and future
applications of nanostructured materials. Molecular electronics and printed
electronics. Nanoelectronics. Polymers with special architecture. Liquid
crystalline systems. Nanofluids. Linear and nonlinear optical and
electro-optical properties. Chemical and biosensors. Materials protection and
corrosion control. Environmental protection and pollution control. Nanomedicine
and Nanobiotechnology. Energy conversion and energy storage. Catalysis.
Nanocomposites. Big data analytics for predicting materials design and use
NANOSTRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIZATION (NTM 801)
GEOTHERMAL PRODUCTION/ POWER PLANTS (FEM 836)
ADVANCED GEOTHERMAL DRILLING/COMPLETION TECHNOLOGY (FEM 834)
Drilling Concepts (Drilling the Limit, etc.).
Drilling Optimisation. Drilling Performance Analysis. Drill string Dynamics.
Drilling Problems (Risk Analysis, Solutions). Under-Balanced Drilling. New
Developments in Drilling Operations. Blow Out. Geothermal Drilling Technology.
Well Design and Well Construction. Offshore Drilling (Well Design and Special
Consideration). HPHT Wells, Horizontal and Extended Reach Wells, Multilaterals.
Completion & Well Intervention. Case Studies.
GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR ENGINEERING (FEM 832)
Geothermal reservoir types. Concepts of
geothermal systems. Mathematical foundations of single and multi- phase flow in
porous media. Analytical and numerical methods. Phase behavior. Well
productivity index. Recovery factor. Simulation. Well Stimulation and
engineered geothermal systems. Field Examples
MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY APPLICATIONS (FEM 826)
Introduction
- Membrane applications in solar hydrogen production. Solar water electrolysis.
Thermochemical water-splitting cycles. Solar membrane steam reforming. Membrane technologies for solar-hydrogen
production. Membranes for biofuels production & processing. Membrane processes for biofuel separation, Membrane
materials and fabrication, Membrane operations for gas and vapour separation.
Membrane reactors for biofuels treatment. Membrane
bioreactors. Ceramic membrane
preparation and applications.
CARBON CAPTURE AND SEQUESTRATION TECHNOLOGIES (FEM 824)
Membranes
for CO2 capture and hydrogen production. Metal-organic frameworks as
molecular gas cylinders for CO2 capture. CO2
capture technologies 3 – absorption. CO2 capture technologies 4 –
adsorption. CO2 capture technologies 5 - membranes, cryogenic,
looping cycles. CO2 conditioning. CO2 transport;
different ways of CO2 transport, CO2 properties under
transport conditions, impurities present in CO2 streams from
different generation/capture systems, effects of impurities on CO2
compression and transport, risks associated with CO2 transport. Market potential and technical barriers for membranes for CO2
capture and hydrogen production.
INTRODUCTION TO MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY (FEM 822)
Introduction – General Principles of Membrane
Technology. Membrane Process – Overview of Membrane Process Unit operations.
Membrane Materials and structure. Membrane Manufacturing techniques. Process
Design – Membrane Module configurations and system design arrangement.
Principles, Design and Application of Membrane Unit Processes. Reverse Osmosis,
Ultrafiltration, Microfiltration, Dialysis, Electro dialysis, pervaporation,
Gas Permeation, Liquid Membrane Process & Novel Membrane separation. Membrane technology in the production of clean
and renewable power; Overview
of market potential and technical barriers for membranes
BIO-ENERGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (FEM 816)
Biomass
chemistry. Biomass for modern biotechnology applications. Biofuel suitability
and feasibility for different application. Advanced modern methods for biomass
treatment and handling. Complex thermal biomass conversion (gasification,
pyrolysis, liquefaction). Principles of biochemical biomass conversion.
Environmental impact of biomass production and use. Bio-based fuel additives.
Lignin conversion and levulinic acid and furfural conversion. Industrial Microbiology and
biotechnology: Types and methods of optimization of products- substrate level,
physiological level, genetic level. Process optimization, selection of
appropriate substrates, computer aided optimization-Modelling and simulation
for product optimization using Design expert software, Minitab, Sigma Plot, Ms
Excel etc. Metabolic and Genetic engineering for improved yield. Genetically
Modified Organisms, Merits and demerits.
BIO-FUEL (FEM 814)
Biodiesel,
bioethanol, methanol, biogas (Chemistry, feedstock, production process, uses). Fischer-Tropsch
fuels (Overview, coal-to-liquid processes, gas–to-liquid processes,
biomas-to-liquid processes). Thermochemical ethanol (Process chemistry,
catalysts for ethanol synthesis, process design, energy, environmental &
economic aspects). Dimethyl ether (DME) (Process chemistry, DME as energy
carrier, production technology, DME from fossil fuels, DME from biomass,
energy, environmental and economic aspects). Hydrogen (chemistry of hydrogen
production, uses, storage, production methods, hydrogen from fossil fuels,
hydrogen from water splitting, hydrogen from biomass gasification, biological
hydrogen production, future hydrogen production processes, energy,
environmental and economic aspects). Substituted natural gas (SNG) (Chemistry
of methanation, natural gas as energy carrier, SNG production technology, SNG
from coal, SNG from biomass gasification, energy, environmental and economic
aspects).
BIO-ENERGY SYSTEMS (FEM 812)
Thermal
power plants, heat energy and heat production (Biomass-based power & heat
generation, biomass combustion power systems, biomass gasification power
systems, biomass-fueled internal combustion engines & gas turbines,
polygeneration of electricity, heat & chemicals, biomass boilers &
heating systems). Biomass-based fuel cell systems (overview, biomass integrated
gasification-solid oxide fuel cell systems, biomass integrated
gasification-proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems, fuel cell systems fed
with liquid biofuels). Biorefineries (overview, energy inputs to basic
biorefinery steps, biorefinery feedstock).
ADVANCED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (FEM 806)
Solar
resource & irradiation data sources. Different solar PV technologies.
Photo-voltaic panel: electrical characteristics, maximum power point, influence
of shading & diffuse irradiation, etc. Photo-voltaic array: impact of
positioning & tracking, string design and DC cable sizing, etc. Connection
to the distribution grid: power electronics basics, earthing and circuit-breaker
design, system sizing, AC cable sizing, South African regulations &
standards. Financial viability: understanding tariffs, payback, etc.
PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION (FEM 804)
Types
of solar cell/Generations of solar cells. First generation solar cells (crystalline Si,
GaAs, Polycrystalline silicon solar cells). Second generation solar
cells (Thin film solar cells – amorphous Si, microcrystalline Si, CdTe, CuInSe2,
Cu(InGa)Se2, Cu2ZnSnS4). Third generation solar
cells (Nanocrystalline-based solar cells, polymer-based solar cells,
dye-sensitised solar cells, concentrator solar cells, Tandem solar cells). Fourth generation solar cells (Hybrid or
organic-inorganic solar cells). Next generation solar cells
(Graded bandgap solar cells, Perovskite-based solar cells, Quantum dot solar
cells, intermediate band solar cells, solar cells with up & down
conversion, nano-structured solar cells e.g. with carbon nanotubes, grapheme
etc.). Differences between solar cells, modules and
panels (sizes and Efficiencies). Application of solar cell/modules/panels. Very low power application
(such as in wrist watches, mobile phone, small torchlight etc, radios etc). Medium power application (such as in
solar-operated cars, Street lighting, water pumping, household appliances etc). High Power and very high-power applications (as
in stand-alone and grid-tied solar power plants). PV
Economics: Cost
of production, Cost of PV energy/Payback
time, Feed-in tariff, Levelized cost etc
SOLAR THERMAL CONVERSION SYSTEMS AND APPLICATION (FEM 802)
Solar
radiation: Nature and measurement. Solar collection and thermal conversion.
Solar collectors (flat-plate collectors, evacuated-tube collectors,
concentrating collectors, Fresnel lens concentrators, heliostats). Solar
thermal systems applications – Active & passive (heating – water&
space; cooling & dehumidification; drying & distillation). Thermal
energy storage. Economics of solar systems.
FUTURE ENERGY SYSTEMS III (FEM 807)
Hybrid systems/energy mix: Hybrid power generation systems. Combined wind-solar systems. Hybrid thermal energy systems; combined solar-thermal and geothermal systems, Hybrid wind-diesel systems, PV-diesel systems and wind-PV-diesel systems etc. Techno-economic feasibility for energy saving systems. Main energy storage technologies. Environmental-social benefits of hybrid energy systems. New technologies for hybrid power systems. Energy and cost savings with hybrid power systems. Cogeneration systems.
Renewable Energy storage systems: Electrochemical storage systems (Lead-acid battery, lithium-ion battery, liquid metal battery, nickel-based battery, flow batteries). Mechanical storage systems. Thermal storage systems (Hot water storage, molten salt storage, latent heat storage). Electrical storage systems (Supercapacitors, superconducting magnetic energy storage). Hydrogen energy storage technology (Electrolysis with cryogenic storage). Introduction to the ProGeo system for storing electrical energy as methane chemical energy: an overview - Generating and storing energy in the ProGeo system - Research and development of model plants. Clean hydrocarbon/Carbon capture technologies: Introduction to Carbon capture & sequestration. Coal characteristics and combustion, power plants, engines, fundamentals of combustion, gas turbines, pollution. GHG emissions, GHG emissions reduction measures, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Fossil fuel power generation, power plants, power plant technologies. Membrane technology in the production of clean and renewable power. CO2 capture technologies 1 - general overview. CO2 capture technologies 2 - chemical and physical processes. Membranes for CO2 capture and hydrogen production. Overview of market potential and technical barriers for membranes - Market potential and technical barriers for membranes for CO2 capture and hydrogen product.
FUTURE ENERGY SYSTEMS II (FEM 805)
Hydropower
technologies: Hydropower as renewable energy technology and its
development. Components of Hydropower
facilities. Classification of Hydroelectric power plants. Advantages and
disadvantages of Hydropower. Hydrology and Hydraulics; Hydrological cycle;
Hydrographs/ flow-duration curves. Hydraulic turbines: Basic principle, Turbine
types and sizes; Degree of reaction, Turbine performance & selection.
Applications of Hydropower. Geothermal technologies: Geology of geothermal
regions: The Earth and its atmosphere; Active geothermal regions; Model of a
hydrothermal geothermal resource, Other types of geothermal resources (Hot dry
rock, geopressure, magma energy, deep hydrothermal). Exploration strategies and
techniques: Objectives of an exploration programme; Phases of an exploration
programme (literature survey, airborne survey, geologic survey, hydrologic
survey, geochemical survey, geophysical survey). Applications of geothermal
energy: Electricity generation; Industrial applications. Advantages and disadvantages
of geothermal energy. Ocean energy: Ocean activities - Waves, ocean currents,
tides, salinity, temperature gradients. Tidal energy and technologies for
exploitation of tidal energy: Tidal devices; turbine types, oscillating
hydrofoils etc. Advantages and disadvantages of ocean energy
FUTURE ENERGY SYSTEMS I (FEM 803)
Solar
energy technologies: Solar resource and solar radiation (the sun, solar
radiation, solar spectral distribution, solar constant, solar insolation and
position of the sun w.r.t surfaces on earth, solar time, AM 1.5 and irradiance,
measurement of terrestrial solar radiation etc.). Advantages and disadvantages
of solar energy. Photoelectric effect and concept of photons. Interaction of
light with matter (absorptivity, reflectivity, transmittivity, emissivity etc).
Principles of operation of PV cells; Manufacturing technologies of crystalline
and thin film PV cells. Heat transfer and principles of solar thermal systems.
Introduction to Solar collectors, Passive and active solar thermal systems,
Solar drying, Solar distillation, solar cookers. The concepts of stand-alone
and bulk solar thermal power generation systems. Wind energy technologies: the
availability of the resources, the types of systems and machines, their
capabilities and limitations, the processes of setting up such systems, and
their associated costs and environmental impacts. Wind energy, its potentials and its application to power generation.
Advantages and disadvantages of wind energy. Wind resource and wind power; Wind
power fundamentals, Wind generation, Wind power estimation. Wind turbine
technology. History of wind power harnessing – windmills (wind machines in
antiquity, Islamic civilization windmills, Medieval European windmills, Aegean
& Mediterranean windmills, Dutch & European windmills, The American
windmills). Overview of wind turbine components (Aerodynamic rotor,
transmission system, generator, power electronics interface, control system).
Biomass energy technologies: Biomass as a renewable energy source (Historical
development & potential of bioenergy, biomass resources, Biomass
properties, environmental impact of bioenergy, Economics of bioenergy). Biomass
production and conversion: Photosynthesis (Basic concept of photosynthesis,
light reaction for the photochemical oxidation of water, dark reaction for the
synthesis of sugars, efficiency of photosynthesis). Biomass production (Natural
factors, biomass yield, fossil input for biomass cultivation & harnessing,
biomass logistics, environmental impacts of biomass cultivation, Economics of
biomass production, major terrestrial biomass crops, aquatic biomass). Biomass
conversion processes (Thermochemical conversion processes, biochemical
conversion processes, chemical conversion processes). Utilization of biomass
energy (Biofuels, electric power generation, heat production, chemical
biorefinery). Advantages and disadvantages of biomass energy
ENERGY/ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (FEM 801)
Socioeconomic
(sustainability) aspects determining the selection of conventional and
alternative fuel balance for energy generation. Renewable
energy economics and financing (national, regional, international). Economic
considerations (provision of fuel, revenue generation, project design &
facility construction) and Financing considerations (institutional framework,
financing approaches & sources, contracts & risk allocation). Financing
and investment opportunities in renewable energy implementation. Environmental policy and practices (e.g. conservation, renewable
energy, pollution prevention, recycling). Environmental regulations for renewable
energy. Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Evaluation, Monitoring
and Compliance. Environmental Management
systems and the Total management systems including the ISO 9001 and 14000
standards series.
Environmental impacts of diverse energy sources (solar, wind, biomass,
geothermal, ocean etc) including beneficial and adverse impacts. Big data analytics for
energy and environmental management
ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES (ETM 816)
Fundamentals and background of advanced oxidation
processes (AOPs). The role of hydroxyl radicals and their generation. Reaction
kinetics and degradation mechanisms of organic pollutants by hydroxyl radicals.
Effects of process parameters and scavenging media on degradation efficiency.
Removal of specific pollutants in aqueous media; biodegradability enhancement
and toxicity reduction. Fundamentals of UV irradiation. Absorption and bond
dissociation energies. UV sources and their characteristics. UV photolysis
background. Actinometry. Direct photolysis. UV light based (photochemical and
photocatalytic) AOPs for water and wastewater treatment; opportunities and
challenges. Modeling approach for AOPs simulation. Common oxidants and
catalysts and their alternatives. Fenton reaction. Alternative catalysts for
Fenton reaction. Types of homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton and photo-Fenton
processes; influencing parameters, reaction kinetics and mechanisms. Iron catalysts
in heterogeneous Fenton processes; sources and supports. Ozonation; background
and fundamentals, reaction kinetics and mechanisms. Application of homogeneous
and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation in water treatment. Reactor
configurations; batch and continuous flow systems
ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS AND BIOSENSORS (ETM 814)
Definitions and
theoretical background. Sensing systems and components. Signal transducing
systems; Receptor systems; Sensing systems. Analytical performance indicators
(sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, response time, reversibility,
repeatability). Basic concepts in electroanalytical chemistry. Electronic and
electrochemical signals, signal-to-background ratio and detection limits.
Electroanalysis of environmental samples. Direct voltammetric (or
polarographic) determination of pollutants. Ion-selective electrodes and
potentiometry. Electrochemical sensors in environmental analysis. Types of
electrochemical sensors. Sensors and biosensors for inorganic and organic
contaminants. Materials and membranes for sensor electrode fabrication
(conducting polymers, porous membranes etc.). Functional materials for sensing
systems. Development of electrochemical sensors by micro and nanofabrication
techniques. Integrated sensing systems and microfluidics.
Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and Bio(MEMS). Lab-on-a-chip systems.
Biochips. Micro-total-analytical systems (mTAS). Detecting systems: Conductivity detectors. Photo-assisted
detection of pollutants. Electrochemical detection and enumeration of
microorganisms.
ELECTROCHEMICAL/ELECTROKINETIC REMEDIATION (ETM 812)
Classification
of pollutants. Environmental media and pollutant transport. Current methods for pollutant analyses. Current methods for pollutant detection and
treatment. The concept of Environmental Electrochemistry. Electroanalytical
techniques. Electrochemistry of inorganic and organic
pollutants. Electrolysis and electrodeposition. Design of electrochemical
reactors. Photoemission at metal electrodes. Electrokinetic phenomena and
electrochemical remediation. Direct and indirect electrolysis of pollutants in
the aqueous phase. Electroflotation, electrocoagulation and
electroflocculation. Membrane-assisted Processes. Electrokinetic remediation of
soils and sediments. Water disinfection: Background and principles.
Electrochemical disinfection of water. Photoelectrochemical disinfection of air
and water. Emerging materials for electrochemical treatment of pollutants.
BATTERY TECHNOLOGY (ETM 806)
ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES (ETM 804)
Economical and energy
analyses for the introduction of energy systems based on renewable energy
resources and hydrogen. Engineering and characterization
of electrochemical storage devices: Important
rechargeable
and non-rechargeable battery technologies; various fuel cells; solar cells, capacitors and supercapacitors; photovoltaic
cells, photoelectrochemical cells, different
hydrogen storage technologies, superconductors. Chemical storage
using hydrogen and fuel cells. Operation and design of various electrochemical storage technologies. Energy Storage
Challenge: an experimental group project to design, fabricate and characterize
electrochemical storage devices, including cost/benefit analysis.
ENERGY APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY (ETM 802)
Thermodynamics of
electrochemical systems. Principles of equilibrium and non-equilibrium
electrochemistry, transport phenomena, electrostatics, porous electrodes. Interfacial
electrochemistry. Semiconductor electrochemistry and photocatalysis.
Conventional and next generation electrocatalysts and electrochemical reactors.
Mixed ionic-electronic conductors. Introduction to the concept of
electrochemical energy. Electric power from
solar cells, principles of operation, characteristics. Electrochemical energy production methods. Electrochemical production of
hydrogen. Water electrolysis. Safety in hydrogen handling. Electrochemical energy conversion: Fuel cells and photoelectrochemical
cells. Thermodynamic and kinetic calculations for
electrolysis cells and fuel cells. Mathematical models of electrochemical energy
conversion. Applications of solar
cells, hydrogen and fuel cells in stationary and mobile systems
ELECTROCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES AND METHODS (ETM 817)
The solid-electrolyte interface. The electric double
layer and electrochemical capacitors. Interfacial electrochemistry. Mass transfer in electrochemical systems. Electrocatalysts and electrochemical reactors.
Semiconductor electrochemistry, Semiconductor/electrolyte interface. Principles
of electrochemical sensors. Safety procedures for
work at FUTO laboratories. Analytical accounting nomenclature: Accuracy,
Precision, Resolution, Error propagation etc. Overview of standard equipment
used in electrochemistry (potentiostats, counter and
reference electrodes, electrochemical cells etc). Design of electrochemical
reactors. Survey of electrochemical processes and power sources. The general principles, theoretical and practical,
of some materials characterization techniques (SEM, XRD, FTIR).
ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE (ETM 815)
Electrochemical devices and their basic principles of
operation: Batteries, fuel cells, capacitors and supercapacitors; photovoltaic
cells and photoelectrochemical cells. Energy storage technologies: Electrochemical
storage systems (Lead-acid battery, lithium-ion battery, liquid metal battery,
nickel-based batteries, flow batteries). Electrical storage systems
(Supercapacitors, superconducting magnetic energy storage). Hydrogen energy
storage technology (Electrolysis with cryogenic storage). Metal-organic frameworks
as molecular gas cylinders for hydrogen. Safety
in hydrogen handling.
MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (ETM 813)
Solid state electrochemistry. Defect chemistry. Solid
state ionics. Solid and polymer ionic conductors. Electrochemistry of mixed
ionic-electronic conductors. Solid state redox reactions. Electrochemical energy materials. Electrolytes and electrode materials
for rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries, electrochemical capacitors,
fuel cells and electrolytic cells. Efficiency of electrode materials. Effect of
microstructure on electrode material performance. Charge and mass transfer considerations.
Importance of carbon science and
technology. Characterization of carbon materials used in electrochemical
technology. Active carbon, carbon black, fullerenes, and graphene. Carbon
electrodes for Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells. Ionic liquids:
Introduction, properties, synthesis, functionalities, applications.
FUNDAMENTAL ELECTROCHEMISTRY (ETM 811)
Electrodes and cell reactions. Electrolytic and galvanic cells. Thermodynamics
of electrochemical reactions. Electrode kinetics. Current-voltage features of charge-transfer
reactions. Interfaces, Interphases, Electrical double layers: Theory & Models and electrode processes. Mass transfer processes in electrochemistry. The electrode/solution
interface at equilibrium. Polarization electrodics. Transport,
activation and ohmic overpotential. Butler-Volmer equation. Electrochemical description of biological
cells. Electrochemistry in environmental monitoring and remediation.
Electrochemical basis of corrosion and corrosion control: Corrosion cell.
Kinetics of corrosion reactions: Polarization curves, mixed potential theory,
passivity, effect of mass transfer. Quantitative estimation of corrosion rates.
Electrokinetic Phenomena. Electrochemical
remediation for pollution control. Electrochemical oxidation of organic
contaminants.
CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF SELECTED METALS (CTM 905)
Mild Steel, Aluminium Alloys, Magnesium Alloys, Stainless Steel and Galvanic Couples
SELECTED TOPIC II (CTM 903)
Protective Oxide Films, Organic Anticorrosion Coatings, Smart/Self-healing Coatings, Superhydrophobic Coatings, and Microbial Influenced Corrosion Inhibition.
SELECTED TOPIC I (CTM 901)
Basic Corrosion Concepts , Atmospheric Corrosion, High Temperature Corrosion, Corrosion in Deep Sea Environments and Pitting/Crevice Corrosion.
BIOENERGY SYSTEMS AND PROCESS INTEGRATION (FEM 935)
Introduction to plant technology - Biofuel/biogas plants- digester types and processes: planning and designing of stirring and mixing technology for digesters, mixing pits and storage , Transport biofuels, biomass in power plants; physical and chemical properties of biomass and biofuels; biomass and biofuel combustion technologies as suspension firing, grate firing and fluidized bed firing, flame propagation in engines, mixing controlled combustion in engines, chemical recovery boiler, co-firing of biomass. Biomass assessment methods and analyses. Reaction and biochemical reactions engineering for gas and liquid fuels. Material and Energy Balances on the Pyrolysis, Gasification, Gas cleaning processes. Alternative solutions for treatment of biomass and Supercritical Water Gasification. Quality assessment of biomass and estimation of the suitability of biomass for the purpose of power generation, substrate parameter and their impact on plant performance.
BOIMASS TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES (FEM 933)
Biomass types and
characteristics for energy application. Technologies of biomass treatment,
lignocellulosic residues pre-treatment and hydrolysis by physical, chemical or
enzymatic means; technologies for obtaining hydrolysate and extracting
sugarcane juice, extracting vegetable oils and microalgae oils; development of
new biofuel catalysis and biocatalysis systems (fermentation of pentoses,
immobilized enzyme, catalysis under supercritical conditions, etc.); design and
optimization of reactors and bioreactors for the production of bioethanol,
biodiesel and other biofuels (biobutanol, etc.); development of processes and
equipment for biofuel purification; development of systems and processes
control loops for the production of biofuels; heat integration and energy
recovery in the production of biofuels; formulation and development of
integrated systems for production of first, second and third generation
biofuel; development of technologies to save water and non-renewable inputs
used in the production of biofuels.
BIOENERGY AND BIOFUEL PROCESSING CHEMISTRY (FEM 931)
An overview of the fundamentals of energy- Renewable and alternative clean energy; Energy efficient products and structures; Bio-based green and sustainable products; Energy efficient intelligent vehicles; Energy balance and life cycle analysis on bioenergy production system; Biomass as feedstock for bioenergy production and its basic properties; Basic chemistry of carbohydrates, polysacchariddes and lignin. Bio-chemical conversions for biofuel and bioenergy production; Thermochemical conversions for biofuel and bioenergy production; Bioenergy use. Biomass and energy balances- Units and dimensions; Basic terminologies, Fundamentals of Material Balances; Material Balances for Single Units Without Reactions, Material Balances for Reactive Processes; Combustion Reactions, Material Balances for Systems with Recycle, Bypass, and Purge, Energy Balance Terminologies; Introduction to Energy Balances, Mechanical Energy Balances; Objectives and Procedures for Energy Balances, Energy Balances on Nonreactive Processes without Phase Change, Energy Balances on Nonreactive Processes with Phase Change, Mixing and Solutions; Fundamentals for Energy Balances on Reactive Processes, Energy Balances on Reactive Processes, Material and Energy Balances for Unsteady State Processes. Calculating flow rates, substrate and product flow rates. Measuring production efficiencies, Sources of biomass, types of biomass, biomass generation, biomass optimization, product purification.
MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND SOLAR SYSTEMS (FEM 925)
Membranes: Design of membrane process, Selection of membrane materials, Membrane research. Membranes for CO2 capture. Membranes for biofuels production & processing. Membrane processes for biofuel separation, Membrane materials and fabrication, Membrane operations for gas and vapour separation. Membrane reactors for biofuels treatment. Applications of high-performance membranes in biofuel separation. Market potential and technical barriers for membranes for Biofuels. Bioalcohol production. Biocatalyst immobilization. Membrane bioreactors. Membrane integrated with solar and wind energy and for water related application. Membrane technologies for solar-hydrogen production, Solar water electrolysis - Thermochemical water-splitting cycles - Solar membrane steam reforming. Membrane technologies for solar-desalination plants. Photovoltaic systems for membrane desalination; Solar thermal systems for membrane desalination
CARBON SEQUESTRATION (FEM 923)
Potential Sequestration Technologies: Chemical and physical absorption; Chemical and physical adsorption; Low-temperature distillation; Gas-Separation Membranes; Mineralization and vegetation. Geological Sequestration: Introduction to geological sequestration, Geologic carbon sequestration - continuum scale, Geologic carbon sequestration – pore-scale phenomena, Biological sequestration. Sequestration in oil and gas formation; Sequestration in Brine formation Sequestration in coal formation. Ocean Sequestration: Direct injection of CO2, Natural ocean sequestration, Other approaches to ocean sequestration, Ocean sequestration concerns. Terrestrial Sequestration: Terrestrial Ecosystems, Global Estimates of Terrestrial Carbon Stock, The Biomes and Potential Sequestration by Biomes. Geoengineering
CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE (FEM 921)
Carbon dioxide sources, Global carbon cycle, Carbon budget, Carbon emissions and their sources, Effects of carbon emissions on climate change. Carbon, Energy and the Atmosphere: Energy and electricity; The atmosphere; Climate models and The carbon cycle. Carbon capture: Introduction to carbon capture concepts and technologies: Absorption – Design of an absorption process, Selection of absorbent, optimizing an absorption process. Adsorption: Design of an adsorption process, Selection of adsorbent, Novel materials for adsorption. Enhanced oil recovery (miscible and immiscible CO2 flooding). Different methods of CO2 transport & storage. CO2 properties under transport & storage conditions. Impurities present in CO2 streams from different generation/capture systems. Effects of impurities on CO2 compression and transport. Risks associated with CO2 transport & storage. Reservoir properties and storage. Development of CO2 storage sites. Selection of storage sites
GEOTHERMICS AND HYDROGEOLOGY (FEM 915)
Principles of Geothermics: Physical basis of heat transfer: fundamental terms of heat conduction, heat conduction equations, and thermal properties of rocks. Thermal state of the earth's interior: methods of temperature determination (of uppermost crust, at great depths). Geothermal Data Acquisition: Temperature profiles from fluid injection and production wells. Processing of temperature data from borehole (wellbore) measurements. Radioactive, acoustic, radiometric & electrical well logging methods. Hydrogeology for Geothermal Energy Production: Introduction to hydrogeology and water cycle. Hydrological rock properties, water flow in porous and fractures aquifers, Darcy’s law and groundwater flow equation, groundwater modeling with MODFLOW. Introduction to hydrochemistry, water composition: major, minor and trace elements, Sampling techniques, application of tracer, water pollutants. Hydro-chemical characterization of groundwater levels. Thermodynamic fundamentals for hydro-geochemical modeling, training on the use of PHREEQC and PHAST software
PETROPHYSICS AND WELL LOGGING IN GEOTHERMAL WELLS (FEM 913)
Petrophysics: Relevance and development of Petrophysics, rock-forming minerals, influencing factors for petrophysical properties. Properties of pores, e.g. like porosity, volume and content of the pores, saturation, tortuosity, inner surface etc. Density of rocks, determination in the laboratory & on-site, borehole. Relationships to porosity, saturation, proctor density. Magnetic properties: para-, dia-, ferro-, antiferro-, ferrimagnetism. Magnetic properties of minerals and rocks, remnant magnetization, dependency of temperature and pressure. Well Logging: Well logging history and goals. Fundamentals & types of geophysical well logging methods. Technical log data acquisition & equipment. Well log data interpretation. Radioactive, acoustic, radiometric & electrical well logging methods.
GEOTHERMAL GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION (FEM 911)
Geothermal Geology: Understanding high temperature geologic formation; rock deformation, hydraulic fracturing/natural fractures; geothermal gradients etc. Description of a comprehensive range of Geothermal Play Types in terms of generic conceptual models of geological and tectonic settings in which geothermal systems might naturally develop or be engineered around the world. Terminology and definitions for a classification framework for Geothermal Potential (resource/reserve). Surface Geothermal Exploration: Fundamental concepts of geothermal resources exploration; remote sensing, geochemical methods. Geothermal resources exploration: geophysical methods (seismic, magnetics, magneto-tellurics, TEM, geo-electrics gravity), acquisition of existing surface/sub-surface data.
DESIGN AND MODELLING METHODS IN SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS (FEM 905)
Design of Active Systems (f-Chart and
Utilizability methods), Design of Passive and Hybrid Heating Systems, Design of
Cooling Systems, Design of Photovoltaic Systems, Modelling and Simulation of
Solar Energy Systems (use of TRNSYS Simulation software), and application of
Artificial Intelligence (ANN, Fussy Logic etc).
PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION II (FEM 903)
Review of Physics of semiconductor materials and devices: Types of semiconductor materials. Density of states. Generation & Recombination process. Doping and doping density. Semiconductor junctions (p-n junction, homo- and hetero-junctions, metal-semiconductor junctions, Schottky junction). PV principle and charge separation process in organic and inorganic solar cells. Solar cell materials and their growth techniques: Organic and inorganic bulk and thin film semiconductor materials and antireflective coatings. Materials growth/synthesis techniques (Vapour phase and liquid phase techniques). Solar cell materials characterization techniques: Structural characterization techniques (XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR etc). Optical characterization techniques (UV-Vis absorption, transmittance & reflectance. Refractive index, absorption coefficient, dielectric constant etc). Defect characterization techniques (Photoluminescence spectroscopy, thermoluminescence, admittance spectroscopy etc). Morphological characterization techniques (SEM, TEM, AFM, SPM etc). Compositional characterization techniques (EDX spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, XPS, etc). Electrical characterization techniques (Hall Effect, Four point probe, Current-Voltage measurement, capacitance-voltage measurement etc). Solar cell fabrication steps (Organic, inorganic & hybrid solar cells): Materials synthesis, junction formation and metal contact fabrication. PV arrays. Inverters, converters and charge controllers. PV system monitoring (indoor and outdoor). Applications (building integration, water pumping, industrial application, street lighting, stand-alone and grid-tied power generation etc). Solar cell assessment: Dark I-V characterization (to determine barrier height, diode ideality factor, shunt and series resistances and diode rectification factor). Illuminated I-V characterization (to determine open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, maximum power and conversion efficiency). Internal and External quantum efficiency measurements. Capacitance-voltage measurement.
THE SCIENCE OF SOLAR ENERGY ( FEM 901)
Review
of Solid State Physics: Band theory of solids. Band structure of
semiconductors. Defects in semiconductors. Review of Quantum Mechanics: Quantum
states, energy levels and wavefunctions. Potential wells, potential barriers
and quantum structures. Interaction of radiation with matter: Solar spectral
irradiance. Absorptivity. Reflectivity. Transmissivity. Emissivity. Review of
Atomic and Molecular spectroscopy: The electromagnetic spectrum. Orbitals and
quantum numbers. Absorption and emission spectra. Spectroscopic techniques:
(UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman
spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, photoluminescence spectroscopy etc.).
Review of Thermodynamics and Heat transfer: Laws of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamic
functions.
PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT (NTM 905)
Concept generation, Product Architecture, Industrial Design Process, Management of Industrial design Process and assessing the quality of Industrial Design, Establishing the product specification, Product selection criteria, Product development process, Manufacture design, Economics of Product development projects, Economic analysis and financial models. Management Techniques: Technology Management, Scientific Management, Development of management, Thought-Principles of Management, Functions of management - planning and organization, Enterprise Resource planning and supply chain management. Entrepreneurial Competence & Environment: Concept of Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship as a career, Personality Characteristic of a successful Entrepreneur, Knowledge and skill required for an Entrepreneur, Business environment, Entrepreneurship Development Training, Centre and government policies and Regulations.
MOLECULAR SELF ASSEMBLY AND NANOSTRUCTURES (NTM 903)
Hybrid organic-inorganic nanoparticles.
Introduction to self-assembled monolayers. Micro-nano patterning. Structure of alkanethiols on gold surfaces.
Silicon-silane based SAMs. SAMs in biological systems (protein SAMs, DNA SAMs,
OEG terminated SAMs). Aromatics on metal SAMs. Amino acids on metal SAMs. Mixed
SAMs. Growth dynamics and energetics of SAMs in different environments (UHV,
liquid environments). Phase transitions. Diffraction and chemical techniques
for SAM analysis. Heterogeneous catalysis, nanocatalysis and
nanophotocatalysis, including application of metal nanoparticles. Metal-organic
frameworks (classifications, properties, molecules encapsulation and
applications).
NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS (NTM 901)
Critical issues in synthesis, fabrication,
processing, and characterization of nanocomposites. Challenges in manufacturing
low cost real-life components for industrial applications; commercial success
stories, future directions. Principles guiding structure-property relationships
of nanocomposites. Incorporation of different nanophases into polymeric
matrixes for functional materials fabrication. Surface energy control,
dispersion methods, and techniques for nanocomposite materials
characterization. Influence of dispersed (organic or mineral) elements on; the
chemical nature and morphologies of nanocomposite materials. Various fields of
application of nanocomposite materials
ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY IN NANOSCIENCE (ETM 905)
Hybrid
electrochemical/chemical synthesis. Electrodeposition of thin films, superlattices
and multilayers. Electrochemical formation and functionalization (nanoporous
semiconductors). Electrochemical surface modification (nanopatterning, nanostructuration).
Charge transport in nanostructured thin film electrodes and oxide films. Metal
surface microstructure modifications and corrosion behavior. New opportunities and challenges
ELECTROCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS OF IONIC LIQUIDS (ETM 903)
Electrode deposition
and electroplating. Electrosynthesis and Electrocatalysis. Electrochemical
energy storage. Fuel cells and solar cells. Environmental protection.
Biomedical applications. New opportunities and challenges.
ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF NOVEL MATERIALS (ETM 901)
Electrochemistry of
clays and zeolites. Electrochemistry of carbon, graphene and its derivatives.
Electrocatalytic metal oxide electrodes. Electrochemistry of nuclear fuels.
Electrochemical conversion of biomass. Electrochemistry of conductive oxide
aerogels. New opportunities and challenges
ROCK MECHANICS (FEM 856)
Poroelastic theory: Hooke's law for dry rock, porous rock or non-porous rock, Biot's and Skepton's Coefficient. Borehole stability: Effect of mud weight on well stability, Rupture modes around a borehole. Sand production prediction: Sand production mechanisms, Theories to predict sanding tendencies. Hydraulic fracture design: Theory and calculation of hydraulic fracture. Concepts of fracture and its measurements. Fracture orientation & azimuth, Fracture area, Numerical modeling. Reservoir engineering applications: Depletion and effective stress, Compaction drive, Reservoir compaction and compressibility, Subsidence
ENERGY ANALYSIS (FEM 854)
Sustainability & efficiency (sustainable development, sustainability methods & metrics, thermodynamic approach to sustainability of efficiency). Thermodynamic Analysis of process (Mass & energy rate balances for a steady flow process – 1st law of thermodynamics, quality of energy & materials, entropy & 2nd law of thermodynamics, entropy production, entropy rate balance for a steady flow process, maximum work obtainable from a steady flow process). Exergy concept (Defining exergy, exergy reference environment, exergy versus energy, exergy of work & heat transfer, exergy of a stream of matter, physical exergy, chemical exergy). Exergetic evaluation of process & technologies (Exergy rate balance for a steady flow process, internal & external exergy losses, exergetic efficiency performance, Economic & Ecological aspects of exergy). Renewability of biofuels (Application of cumulative exergy consumption of biofuels production, renewability indicators).
FINITE ENERGY METHODS (FEM 852)
The main objective of the course is to provide a practical training in technological design using finite element methods. The course aims at introducing the fundamental principles of the modelling for statics and dynamics analyses, as well as for stress analysis. Significance and importance of finite element methods in tech design. Fundamentals of finite element methods for small displacement linear elastic analysis (statics). Non-linear finite element method. Use and mastery of commercial FE software (Abaqus). Application of FE methods in modeling steady-state and transient field problems. Model development and output data analysis & interpretation.
RENEWABLE ENERGY FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT (FEM 846)
The basic renewable energy financial metrics. Economic justification and impact of renewable energy projects. Sustainability drivers for renewable energy business. Barriers to renewable energy project implementation. Existing opportunities for renewable energy implementation. Energy Project Management. Big Data Analytics - Data Acquisition and Validation, Data Integration, Calculations and Design work, Application of supporting Software. Energy Economics. Energy Law II: Joint Operation Agreements. Drilling Contracts and related agreements for energy supply subsurface activities.
FUEL AND COMBUSTION (FEM 844)
Fundamentals of fuels and combustion technologies. Conventional fuels – properties (energy density, pollutant load, costs) and uses. Advantages and disadvantages of conventional fuels. Options for alternative fuels. Conventional and novel combustion method. Impact of continued hydro-carbon fuel use, and possibilities for a more sustainable future. Fuel handling of conventional and novel fuels; relevant codes and legislation such as DSEAR/ATEX and consider implications on fuel use in industry.
SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW (FEM 842)
This course will provide a broad overview of all components and technologies associated with, and connected to, the new Smart Grid. The field specific knowledge to be covered would be Renewable Energy Systems and characteristics. Grid code compliance. PV components and sizing. Storage components, e.g. batteries. Microgrids and power flow. Energy storage scheduling, load-frequency control and inter-area power flow. Network dynamics & stability. Economics of SG installations. Communications technology and selection. Applicable network codes & regulations, and power system modeling and simulation software
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY (CHM 868)
This topic introduces advanced spectroscopy and electrochemistry. Studies in the area of spectroscopy will focus on the principles of and use of NMR, IR and mass spectrometry for chemical structure determination. Studies in electrochemistry will focus on the underlying principles, important examples of electrochemical reactions and expand to the analytical uses of electrochemistry in sensor technology. A considerable focus will be on the underlying theory of each technique along with instrumentation and sample requirements.
STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS (CHM 864)
Statistical mechanics vs. thermodynamics. Review of statistical concepts. Canonical and grand canonical ensembles. Entropy. General formulation of statistical thermodynamics. Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein and Boltzmann statistics. Quantum ideal gases. Specific heat of solids. Electrons in metals and semiconductors. Radiation: the photon gas.
CLIMATE CHANGE (EVM 801)
Air pollution, global warming and climate change. Climate change modeling. Climate change mitigation. Climate change adaptation and planning. Discussions on recent technologies to combat global warming and abate climate change. Sustainable development goals. Corporate sustainability versus profitability
ENTREPRENUERSHIP (MGT 805)
Fundamentals of starting and operating business in energy ecosystem. Dynamic role of entrepreneurship in the energy sector of the economy. Financial planning and control; Forms of ownership for startups; Strategic Marketing Planning; New Product or Service Development; Business Plan Creation; Types and theories of Innovation; Sources and Process of Innovation; Technological Entrepreneurs; Innovation Strategy & Systems; Managing Innovation and Intellectual Property; Funding Innovation and sustainable entrepreneurship.
CHANGE MANAGEMENT (MGT 803)
Introduction to change concepts and theories of change
management. Methodologies and processes of change management. Dimensions of
change. Pre-requisite for change. Resistance to Change. Change Management
Strategy & Systems. Communicating & Implementing change. Change Failure
PROJECT MANAGEMENT BASICS (MGT 801)
Project design and management cycle, Project Implementation Plan (PIP), Project Development strategies, Project Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEL) and sustainability. Application of Theory of change approach to Energy project. Use of designated software for development of Project Management.
COMPUTATIONAL MODELLING AND SIMULATION METHODS (NTM 834)
Theory and application of computational methods for simulation of molecular properties and spectra as well as structural and bulk properties of matter. Ab Initio methods, Density Functional Theory methods, Hybrid Quantum / Classical methods. Energy functions and force fields, geometry optimization, normal mode analysis, and reaction--path techniques at the molecular level, and an introduction to the simulation of static and dynamic properties of organic and inorganic substances, chemical reactions and molecular spectroscopies via both Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics (MD) methodologies. Simulation laboratory exercises are compulsory to enable each student acquire skills for modern computational simulation software and complete the computational project in order to pass the course. The student will be able to derive, analyze, and utilize the computational software for molecular mechanics methods, ab initio methods, density functional theory methods, simulating molecular properties and thermodynamics properties, molecular reactions dynamics.
NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY APPLICATIONS (NTM 832)
Introduction to Nano scale materials & nanotechnologies: synthesis, characterization, functionalization of nanomaterials: some applications and challenges. Energies and nanomaterials: Introduction; context and challenges dealing with energy; energy and power; production, storage, distribution (smart grids) and use of energy; some illustrations. Nanomaterials for solar energy applications: Semiconductors, Interaction of light with matter, solar cells basics. First to third generation solar cells, nanocrystalline-based solar cells, emerging thin film photovoltaic: organic solar cells, hybrid solar cells. Solar cooling and heating. Nanotechnology for bioenergy and biofuels production. Carbon-based nanomaterials in biofuel cells. Nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts in biorefineries for biomass conversion. Nanomaterials for energy storage applications. Nanoscale electrode materials
INTRODUCTION TO POLYMER SCIENCE (PTE 824)
Introduction to polymer
science. Polymer synthesis: Step-growth polymerization, chain growth
polymerization and controlled free radical polymerization. Molecular weight and
molecular weight distribution. Mechanical property relationships: Visco-elastic
properties and thermo-mechanical properties of polymers. Polymer morphology:
Intermolecular forces, crystalline and amorphous phases, cross linking.
Copolymers: Homopolymer, graft, alternating and random copolymers. Polymer
density. Mechanical properties: Strain, stress, toughness, modulus. Polymer
gels. Thermal properties: Melting point, glass transition temperature,
degradation, crystallization. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties.
Electrical properties. Polymer characterization: Thermal gravimetric analysis
(TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM)Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dielectric strength, surface
resistivity
BASIC ELECTROCHEMISTRY (ETM 801)
Electrodes and cell reactions. Electrode kinetics. Interfaces, Interphases, Electrical double layers and electrode processes. Butler-Volmer equation. The electrode/solution interface at equilibrium. Polarization electrodics. Some technological aspects of electrodics.
ELECTROCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS (CHM 624)
Electrochemical material evaluation principles for the choice of electrodes and electrochemical systems. Electroanalysis, Desalination, Demineralization, Electrodecantation and Electrofloatation as separation techniques in electrochemical industries. Polarography at rotating disc electrodes as an electroanalytical technique. Electrometallurgy and electro-refining in mineral processing
RESEARCH DESIGN AND INNOVATIVE METHODS (REM 912)
Fundamental concepts
of scientific research. Procedures involved in designing a research
project (devising a research question - providing a rationale). Concepts underlying peer-reviewed research.
Referencing: Evaluating the relevance and impact of sources. Conducting
literature reviews, evaluating published findings and the critical analysis of existing research. Data collection strategies (reliability & validity of tools). Using ICT and research productivity tools
(statistical, referencing, research design etc). Analyzing data -
implications of potential findings for practice. Research conceptualization and design. Writing research proposals. Authoring and publishing high-impact articles. Ethical considerations and the role of ethics
committees. Communication
and presentation skills. Intellectual Property (IP) development, evaluation,
and strategy. Strategy and innovation concepts with a focus on
Research translation and technology commercialization. Business strategy
frameworks, financial analysis, strategic marketing, operations management,
business models, project management, business law, and Entrepreneurship.
WEBINAR REPORT
At the end of each webinar, you are expected to prepare and submit a comprehensive report containing your name and program , the day and time of the webinar, the instructor, the topic of discussion and summary of the lecture.
RESEARCH METHODS AND INNOVATION (REM 801)
DRILLING TECHNOLOGY II
This Course, "Drilling Technology II” is aimed at providing the learners the basic knowledge of Pressure control and blowout prevention in offshore and onshore drilling. You will be taught the different well control pressure methods needed to keep a well in safe condition. We would begin this course with a simple Pre-Introductory quiz, and then we will go into the course proper. We will look into: Introduction to Well Control: Overview and definition, importance of oil well control and possible hazards, after which we would look at the Fundamental Principles, Concepts, and Terminologies in Well Control. Later on, we'll look at Well control Procedures and equipments, then we'll look at Cementing.
RESERVOIR MODELING AND SIMULATION
The “Reservoir Modeling and Simulation” is aimed at imparting the students with the knowledge of the Purpose of reservoir simulation, concepts of simulation, Making a simulation study etc. The main focus of the course will be on discussing the following:
- Purpose of reservoir simulation
- Concept of simulation
- Reservoir simulation equations
- Making a simulation study
- History matching
This course was designed by Dr Angela in collaboration with Engr Nwanwe. All staff associated with this course, including the TAs will act as facilitators for the discussion boards.
RESERVOIR ENGINEERING II
The course “Reservoir Engineering II” is aimed at imparting the students with the knowledge of the various Reservoir fluid behavior and reservoir evaluation.
INTRODUCTION TO PETROLEUM GEOPHYSICS
The “Introduction to Petroleum Geophysics” is aimed at imparting knowledge on fundamentals of hydrocarbon resource exploration and development using geophysical methods. A brief introduction of geological and geophysical principles required for the course will be taught. Following this, seismic, gravity, magnetic and borehole geophysics applied to hydrocarbon exploration will be taught. The main focus of the course will be on discussing gravity, magnetic and seismic methods of exploration
- About the Course
- Introduction to petroleum geophysics
- Gravity method
- Magnetic method
- well logging
- Seismic Method
This course was designed by Dr. Nnaemeka Ohia in collaboration with Dr. Nwogu Ngozi, Engr. Nnanna Okoli, graduate and teaching assistants (TA) of FUTO. All staff associated with this course, including the TAs will act as facilitators for the discussion boards.
PROCESS TECHNOLOGY
PROCESS TECHNOLOGY is aimed at imparting the students with the knowledge of pressure losses in pipes and fittings, Heat exchangers and their applications in the oil and gas industry. Upon completion of this course, participants should be capable of the following:- to understand all about pumps, heat exchangers, pressure losses, combustion and distillation processes. This course will consist of the following Sections/Modules:
- Pre-course survey/test
- Introduction
- Pressure losses in pipes
- Pressure losses in nature and fittings
- Pumps
- Heat Exchangers
- Nozzle theory and mass transfer
- Combustion processes
- Heat transfer
- Distillation.
- Particles fall in liquids cyclones
This course was designed by Dr. Ngozi Nwogu in collaboration with Engr. Chikwe of FUTO. All staff associated with this course, will act as facilitators for the discussion boards.
PETROLEUM GEOLOGY(UNICAL)
The course “Petroleum Geology” is aimed at imparting the students with the knowledge of the Origin of Oil and Gas, Hydrocarbons, Geology of Niger Delta and Lake Chad Basin. etc. The following will be taught in this course:
PETROLEUM PRODUCTION ENGINEERING II (TEST PAGE)
The “Petroleum Production Engineering II” is aimed at imparting the students with the knowledge of the Surface Completion, Surface production, Dehydration etc. The main focus of the course will be on discussing the following:
- Surface Completion
- Surface Production Equipment
- Dehydration
New features
This Course is prepared to showcase the new features of OYLex learning platform to Course owners only.
Recorded session for FDP IOPT 601 4TH Edition
FDP recorded session for IOPT 601 2nd edition
IOPT FORTH EDITION PROJECT SUBMISSION PAGE
Submission page for IOTP FORTH EDITION.
INTRODUCTION TO OFFSHORE OPERATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY (MODULE 5)
This book covers the entire length and breadth of offshore operations, especially
regarding oil & gas exploration and production. The authors patiently went from
offshore exploration, through field development to production operations and
maintenance. The review questions after every chapter will help the students to
test their understanding of the topics covered. This book is coming at a good
time in Nigeria when the majority of exploration and development efforts are
shifting to deeper horizons and offshore prospects. It is also a good reference
material for practicing engineers and geo-scientists who wish to improve their
multi-disciplinary knowledge to improve integrative business outcomes
INTRODUCTION TO OFFSHORE OPERATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY (MODULE 4)
This book covers the entire length and breadth of offshore operations, especially
regarding oil & gas exploration and production. The authors patiently went from
offshore exploration, through field development to production operations and
maintenance. The review questions after every chapter will help the students to
test their understanding of the topics covered. This book is coming at a good
time in Nigeria when the majority of exploration and development efforts are
shifting to deeper horizons and offshore prospects. It is also a good reference
material for practicing engineers and geo-scientists who wish to improve their
multi-disciplinary knowledge to improve integrative business outcomes
INTRODUCTION TO OFFSHORE OPERATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY (MODULE 3)
This book covers the entire length and breadth of offshore operations, especially
regarding oil & gas exploration and production. The authors patiently went from
offshore exploration, through field development to production operations and
maintenance. The review questions after every chapter will help the students to
test their understanding of the topics covered. This book is coming at a good
time in Nigeria when the majority of exploration and development efforts are
shifting to deeper horizons and offshore prospects. It is also a good reference
material for practicing engineers and geo-scientists who wish to improve their
multi-disciplinary knowledge to improve integrative business outcomes
INTRODUCTION TO OFFSHORE OPERATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY (MODULE 1)
This book covers the entire length and breadth of offshore operations, especially
regarding oil & gas exploration and production. The authors patiently went from
offshore exploration, through field development to production operations and
maintenance. The review questions after every chapter will help the students to
test their understanding of the topics covered. This book is coming at a good
time in Nigeria when the majority of exploration and development efforts are
shifting to deeper horizons and offshore prospects. It is also a good reference
material for practicing engineers and geo-scientists who wish to improve their
multi-disciplinary knowledge to improve integrative business outcomes.
INTRODUCTION TO OFFSHORE OPERATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY (MODULE 2)
This book covers the entire length and breadth of offshore operations, especially
regarding oil & gas exploration and production. The authors patiently went from
offshore exploration, through field development to production operations and
maintenance. The review questions after every chapter will help the students to
test their understanding of the topics covered. This book is coming at a good
time in Nigeria when the majority of exploration and development efforts are
shifting to deeper horizons and offshore prospects. It is also a good reference
material for practicing engineers and geo-scientists who wish to improve their
multi-disciplinary knowledge to improve integrative business outcomes.