Solar energy technologies: Solar resource and solar radiation (the sun, solar radiation, solar spectral distribution, solar constant, solar insolation and position of the sun w.r.t surfaces on earth, solar time, AM 1.5 and irradiance, measurement of terrestrial solar radiation etc.). Advantages and disadvantages of solar energy. Photoelectric effect and concept of photons. Interaction of light with matter (absorptivity, reflectivity, transmittivity, emissivity etc). Principles of operation of PV cells; Manufacturing technologies of crystalline and thin film PV cells. Heat transfer and principles of solar thermal systems. Introduction to Solar collectors, Passive and active solar thermal systems, Solar drying, Solar distillation, solar cookers. The concepts of stand-alone and bulk solar thermal power generation systems. Wind energy technologies: the availability of the resources, the types of systems and machines, their capabilities and limitations, the processes of setting up such systems, and their associated costs and environmental impacts. Wind energy, its potentials and its application to power generation. Advantages and disadvantages of wind energy. Wind resource and wind power; Wind power fundamentals, Wind generation, Wind power estimation. Wind turbine technology. History of wind power harnessing – windmills (wind machines in antiquity, Islamic civilization windmills, Medieval European windmills, Aegean & Mediterranean windmills, Dutch & European windmills, The American windmills). Overview of wind turbine components (Aerodynamic rotor, transmission system, generator, power electronics interface, control system). Biomass energy technologies: Biomass as a renewable energy source (Historical development & potential of bioenergy, biomass resources, Biomass properties, environmental impact of bioenergy, Economics of bioenergy). Biomass production and conversion: Photosynthesis (Basic concept of photosynthesis, light reaction for the photochemical oxidation of water, dark reaction for the synthesis of sugars, efficiency of photosynthesis). Biomass production (Natural factors, biomass yield, fossil input for biomass cultivation & harnessing, biomass logistics, environmental impacts of biomass cultivation, Economics of biomass production, major terrestrial biomass crops, aquatic biomass). Biomass conversion processes (Thermochemical conversion processes, biochemical conversion processes, chemical conversion processes). Utilization of biomass energy (Biofuels, electric power generation, heat production, chemical biorefinery). Advantages and disadvantages of biomass energy