Hydropower technologies: Hydropower as renewable energy technology and its development.  Components of Hydropower facilities. Classification of Hydroelectric power plants. Advantages and disadvantages of Hydropower. Hydrology and Hydraulics; Hydrological cycle; Hydrographs/ flow-duration curves. Hydraulic turbines: Basic principle, Turbine types and sizes; Degree of reaction, Turbine performance & selection. Applications of Hydropower. Geothermal technologies: Geology of geothermal regions: The Earth and its atmosphere; Active geothermal regions; Model of a hydrothermal geothermal resource, Other types of geothermal resources (Hot dry rock, geopressure, magma energy, deep hydrothermal). Exploration strategies and techniques: Objectives of an exploration programme; Phases of an exploration programme (literature survey, airborne survey, geologic survey, hydrologic survey, geochemical survey, geophysical survey). Applications of geothermal energy: Electricity generation; Industrial applications. Advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy. Ocean energy: Ocean activities - Waves, ocean currents, tides, salinity, temperature gradients. Tidal energy and technologies for exploitation of tidal energy: Tidal devices; turbine types, oscillating hydrofoils etc. Advantages and disadvantages of ocean energy