Biodiesel, bioethanol, methanol, biogas (Chemistry, feedstock, production process, uses). Fischer-Tropsch fuels (Overview, coal-to-liquid processes, gas–to-liquid processes, biomas-to-liquid processes). Thermochemical ethanol (Process chemistry, catalysts for ethanol synthesis, process design, energy, environmental & economic aspects). Dimethyl ether (DME) (Process chemistry, DME as energy carrier, production technology, DME from fossil fuels, DME from biomass, energy, environmental and economic aspects). Hydrogen (chemistry of hydrogen production, uses, storage, production methods, hydrogen from fossil fuels, hydrogen from water splitting, hydrogen from biomass gasification, biological hydrogen production, future hydrogen production processes, energy, environmental and economic aspects). Substituted natural gas (SNG) (Chemistry of methanation, natural gas as energy carrier, SNG production technology, SNG from coal, SNG from biomass gasification, energy, environmental and economic aspects).